Electoral/Political Party Reform: Accord de paix et de la reconciliation nationale

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Agreement for Peace and National Reconciliation-1994

SECTION VIII: TRANSFORMATION OF FRUD INTO A POLITICAL PARTY

1) Once the present Peace agreement has been signed, FRUD will become a legal political party. It will therefore abandon the armed fight and will fully participate in the national political life, defending its ideas with peaceful means and the government engages to accept it.

2) FRUD will take part in the managing of the country’s affairs allying with the party in power on the basis of the present Agreement and on a common political platform for the two groups.

Cease Fire: Accord de paix et de la reconciliation nationale

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Agreement for Peace and National Reconciliation-1994

SECTION VIII: TRANSFORMATION OF FRUD INTO A POLITICAL PARTY

1) Once the present Peace agreement has been signed, FRUD will become a legal political party. It will therefore abandon the armed fight and will fully participate in the national political life, defending its ideas with peaceful means and the Government engages to accept it.

(Note: Agreement does not specifically mention ceasefire but suggest that the FRUD as well as the government will refrain from use of violence)

Regional Peacekeeping Force: Accra Peace Agreement

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ARTICLE III: CEASEFIRE MONITORING

1. The Parties call on ECOWAS to immediately establish a Multinational Force that will be deployed as an Interposition Force in Liberia, to secure the ceasefire, create a zone of separation between the belligerent forces and thus provide a safe corridor for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and free movement of persons.

2. The mandate of the ECOWAS Interposition Force shall also include the following:

(a) Facilitating and monitoring the disengagement of forces as provided under Article V of this Agreement;

(b) Obtaining data and information on activities relating to military forces of the parties to the Ceasefire Agreement and coordinating all military movements;

(c) Establishing conditions for the initial stages of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) activities;

(d) Ensuring respect by the Parties for the definitive cessation of hostilities and all other aspects of the Ceasefire Agreement;

(e) Ensuring the security of senior political and military leaders;

(f) Also ensuring the security of all personnel and experts involved in the implementation of this Agreement in collaboration with all parties;

(g) Monitoring the storage of arms, munitions and equipment, including supervising the collection, storage and custody of battlefield or offensive armament in the hands of combatants.

ARTICLE IV: INTERNATIONAL STABILISATION FORCE

1. The GOL, the LURD, the MODEL and the Political Parties agree on the need for the deployment of an International Stabilization Force (ISF) in Liberia. Accordingly, the Parites hereby request the United Nations in collaboration with ECOWAS, the AU and the ICGL to facilitate, constitute, and deploy a United Nations Chapter VII force in the Republic of Liberia to support the transitional government and to assist in the implementation of this Agreement.

2. The ECOWAS Interposition Force is expected to become a part of the International Stablilisation Force.

3. The Parties request the ISF to assume the following mandate:

(a) Observe and monitor the ceasefire;

(b) Investigate violations of the security aspects of this Agreement and take necessary measures to ensure compliance;

(c) Monitor disengagement and cantonment of forces of the Parties and provide security at disarmament/cantonment sites;

(d) Collect weapons at disarmament sites and elsewhere and ensure that the weapons so collected are properly accounted for and adequately secured;

(e) Assist in the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees, returnees and other war-affected persons;

(f) Facilitate the provision and maintenance of humanitarian assistance and protect displaced persons, refugees, returnees and other affected persons;

(g) Verify all information, data, and activities relating to the military forces of the Parties;

(h) Along with ECOWAS and the International Contact Group on Liberia, provide advice and support to the Transitional Government provided for in this Agreement on the formation of a new and restructured Liberian Army;

(i) Assist with security for elections;

(j) Take the necessary means whenever the need arises and as it deems within its capabilities, to protect civilians, senior political and military leaders under imminent threat of physical violence;

(k) Coordinate with ECOWAS in the implementation of this Agreement.

UN Peacekeeping Force: Accra Peace Agreement

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ARTICLE IV: INTERNATIONAL STABILIZATION FORCE

1. The GOL, the LURD, the MODEL and the Political Parties agree on the need for the deployment of an International Stabilization Force (ISF) in Liberia. Accordingly, the Parties hereby request the United Nations in collaboration with ECOWAS, the AU and the ICGL to facilitate, constitute, and deploy a United Nations Chapter VII force in the Republic of Liberia to support the transitional government and to assist in the implementation of this Agreement.

2. The ECOWAS Interposition Force is expected to become a part of the International Stabilization Force.

3. The Parties request the ISF to assume the following mandate:

(a) Observe and monitor the ceasefire;

(b) Investigate violations of the security aspects of this agreement and take necessary measures to ensure compliance;

(c) Monitor disengagement and cantonment of forces of the Parties and provide security at disarmament/cantonment sites;

(d) Collect weapons at disarmament sites and elsewhere and ensure that all the weapons so collected are properly accounted for and adequately secured;

(e) Assist in the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees, returnees and other war-affected persons;

(f) Facilitate the provision and maintenance of humanitarian assistance and protect displaced persons, refugees, returnees and other affected persons;

(g) Verify all information, data and activities relating to the military forces of the Parties;

(h) Along with ECOWAS and the International Contact Group on Liberia, provide advice and support to the Transitional Government provided for in this Agreement on the formation of a new and restructured Liberian Army;

(i) Assist with security for elections;

(j) Take the necessary means whenever the need arises and as it deems within its capabilities, to protect civilians, senior political and military leaders under imminent threat of physical violence;

(k) Coordinate with ECOWAS in the implementation of this Agreement.

4. The Parties expect that units of the ISF shall be selected from countries acceptable to all the Parties to the Ceasefire Agreement.

5. The Parties to this Agreement call on the ISF to remain in place until otherwise determined by the UN Security Council and the elected Government of Liberia.

ARTICLE XXIX: INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

1. In view of the recent appointment of the UN Secretary-General’s Special Representative in Liberia, the Parties call for the urgent establishment of a consolidated United Nations Mission in Liberia that will have the resources to facilitate the implementation and coordination of the Political, Social, Economic and Security assistance to be extended under this Agreement.

ANNEX 1: We the Parties to this Agreement… Hereby agree as follows:

7. International Stabilization Force (ISF). The Parties agree on the need for the creation and deployment of an international stabilization force and commit themselves to cooperation with it. They shall accord complete freedom of movement to the ISF at all times in the execution of their duties.

Verification/Monitoring Mechanism: Accra Peace Agreement

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ANNEX 1: We the Parties to this Agreement… Hereby agree as follows:

3. Joint Verification Team (JVT). To establish an ECOWAS-led JVT comprised of two representatives from each of the parties plus representatives of the UN AU and ICGL.

4. Locations. Each party shall identify the locations of its units including combat equipment, and communicate this information to the JVT in writing within 72 hours of the signature of this agreement. The JVT will visit the locations to verify the information provided and plot unit locations on a map. This document shall be signed by all the parties and will be the reference document on the limits of their locations.

6. Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC). To Establish a JMC to supervise and monitor the ceasefire. The JMC will be chaired by a representative of ECOWAS and include equal representation from the Parties, as well as representatives of the UN, AU and ICGL. The JMC will report daily to ECOWAS Headquarters and will investigate reports of ceasefire violations by the parties.

7. International Stabilization Force (ISF) The Parties agree on the need for the creation and deployment of an international stabilization force and commit themselves to cooperation with it. They shall accord complete freedom of movement to the ISF at all times in the execution of their duties.

9. Ceasefire Violations. Violations of a ceasefire shall include the following:

(f) Obstruction of the activities of the JVT, JMC, ISF and Humanitarian Agencies as described in paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 above;

ARTICLE IV: INTERNATIONAL STABILISATION FORCE

1. The GOL, the LURD, the MODEL and the Political Parties agree on the need for the deployment of an International Stabilization Force (ISF) in Liberia. Accordingly, the Parties hereby request the United Nations in collaboration with ECOWAS, the AU and the ICGL to facilitate, constitute, and deploy a United Nations Chapter VII force in the Republic of Liberia to support the transitional government and to assist in the implementation of this Agreement.

2. The ECOWAS Interposition Force is expected to become a part of the International Stabilisation Force.

3. The Parties request the ISF to assume the following mandate:

(a) Observe and monitor the ceasefire;

(b) Investigate violations of the security aspects of this Agreement and take necessary measures to ensure compliance;

(c) Monitor disengagement and cantonment of forces of the Parties and provide security at disarmament/cantonment sites;

(d) Collect weapons at disarmament sites and elsewhere and ensure that the weapons so collected are properly accounted for and adequately secured;

(e) Assist in the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees, returnees and other war-affected persons;

(f) Facilitate the provision and maintenance of humanitarian assistance and protect displaced persons, refugees, returnees and other affected persons;

(g) Verify all information, data, and activities relating to the military forces of the Parties;

(h) Along with ECOWAS and the International Contact Group on Liberia, provide advice and support to the Transitional Government provided for in this Agreement on the formation of a new and restructured Liberian Army;

(i) Assist with security for elections;

(j) Take the necessary means whenever the need arises and as it deems within its capabilities, to protect civilians, senior political and military leaders under imminent threat of physical violence;

(k) Coordinate with ECOWAS in the implementation of this Agreement.

4. The Parties expect that units of the ISF shall be selected from countries acceptable to all the Parties to the Ceasefire Agreement.

5. The Parties to this Agreement call on the ISF to remain in place until otherwise determined by the UN Security Council and the elected Government of Liberia.

ARTICLE III: CEASEFIRE MONITORING

3. The Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC) established under the terms of the Ceasefire Agreement, and composed of representatives of ECOWAS, the UN, AU, ICGL and Parties to the Ceasefire Agreement shall continue to supervise and monitor the implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement.

4. Prior to the deployment of the International Stabilisation Force, a representative of ECOWAS shall chair the JMC.

5. The JMC shall:

(a) Resolve disputes concerning implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement, including the investigation of any alleged violation and also recommend remedial action for confirmed ceasefire violations.

(b) Submit for approval, its recommendations to the Implementation Monitoring Committee (IMC) referred to under Article XXVIII(2) and (3) in this Agreement which is seized with the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of this Peace Agreement.

6. The Parties shall provide the JMC with any relevant information on the organisation, equipment and locations of their forces, and such information will be kept confidential.

ARTICLE XXIX: INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

1. In view of the recent appointment of the UN Secretary-General’s Special Representative in Liberia, the Parties call for the urgent establishment of a consolidated United Nations Mission in Liberia that will have the resources to facilitate the implementation and coordination of the Political, Social, Economic and Security assistance to be extended under this agreement.

2. The Parties also call on ECOWAS, in collaboration with the UN, AU, EU and ICGL, to set up a monitoring mechanism in the form of an Implementation Monitoring Committee (IMC) in Monrovia that will ensure effective and faithful implementation of the Peace Agreement by all the Parties.

3. The Parties agree on the need for regular joint meetings between this Implementation Monitoring Committee and representatives of the NTGL, in order to assess implementation of the provisions of this Agreement and agree on recommendations for enhanced implementation.

Donor Support: Accra Peace Agreement

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ARTICLE XXIX INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

4. The Parties also agree on the need for ECOWAS, in collaboration with the UN, AU and International Community, to organise periodic donor conferences for resource mobilisation for post-conflict rehabilitation and reconstruction in Liberia.

Economic and Social Development: Accra Peace Agreement

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ARTICLE XVII: CONTRACT AND MONOPOLIES COMMISSION (CMC)

1. A Contract and Monopolies Commission is hereby established in Liberia to oversee activities of a contractual nature undertaken by the NTGL.

2. Its mandate shall include:

(d) Ensuring the formulation and effective implementation of sound macro-economic policies that will support sustainable development goals;

Children’s Rights: Accra Peace Agreement

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ARTICLE XXXI: VULNERABLE GROUPS

1. (a) The NTGL shall accord particular attention to the issue of the rehabilitation of vulnerable groups or war victims (children, women, the elderly and the disabled) within Liberia, who have been severely affected by the conflict in Liberia.

(b) With the support of the International Community, the NTGL shall design and implement a program for the rehabilitation of such war victims.

2. (a) The NTGL shall, in addition, accord special attention to the issue of child combatants.

(b) It shall, accordingly, mobilize resources with the assistance of the International Community, especially in cooperation with the Office of the U.N. Special Representative for Children in Armed Conflict, UNICEF, the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and other relevant agencies, to address their special demobilization and re-integration needs.

3. The NTGL, in formulating and implementing programs for national rehabilitation, reconstruction and development, for the moral, social and physical reconstruction of Liberia in the post-conflict period, shall ensure that the needs and potentials of the war victims are taken into account and that gender balance is maintained in apportioning responsibilities for program implementation.

Women’s Rights: Accra Peace Agreement

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ARTICLE XXVIII: NATIONAL BALANCE

The Parties shall reflect national and gender balance in all elective and non-elective appointments within the NTGL.

ARTICLE XXXI: VULNERABLE GROUPS

1. (a) The NTGL shall accord particular attention to the issue of the rehabilitation of vulnerable groups or war victims (children, women, the elderly and the disabled) within Liberia, who have been severely affected by the conflict in Liberia.

(b) With the support of the International Community, the NTGL shall design and implement a program for the rehabilitation of such war victims.

3. The NTGL, in formulating and implementing programs for national rehabilitation, reconstruction and development, for the moral, social and physical reconstruction of Liberia in the post-conflict period, shall ensure that the needs and potentials of the war victims are taken into account and that gender balance is maintained in apportioning responsibilities for program implementation.

ARTICLE XVI: ESTABLISHMENT OF A GOVERNANCE REFORM COMMISSION

3. The Structure of the Commission shall be as follows:

(a) The Commission shall be established as an independent Commission with seven (7) permanent members appointed by the Chairman and confirmed by the NTLA, from a list provided by civil society organisations. It shall have a chairperson who must be from the civil society. Its membership shall include women.

ARTICLE XXIV THE NATIONAL TRANSITIONAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (NTLA)

3. The NTLA shall have a maximum of Seventy-six (76) members who shall come from the following entities:

(b) The present Government of Liberia, the LURD, MODEL, the Political Parties, Civil Society and Interest Groups including the National Bar Association, the Liberian Business Organisations, Women Organizations, Trade Unions, Teachers Union, Refugees, the Liberians in the Diaspora/America and the Youth.