Executive Branch Reform: Arusha Accord – 4 August 1993

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PROTOCOL OF AGREEMENT ON POWER-SHARING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF A BROAD-BASED TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE RWANDESE PATRIOTIC FRONT (9 JANUARY 1993)

Article 4

The Executive power shall be exercised collectively through decisions taken in Cabinet meetings, by the President of the Republic and by the Government.

Section 1: The President of the Republic and Head of State

Article 5

Upon the signing of the Peace Agreement, the incumbent President of the Republic and Head of State shall remain in office until the outcome of elections to be held at the end of the Transitional Period.

Article 6

As Head of State, the President of the Republic shall have the following prerogatives:

(a) He shall nominate the Prime Minister and other members of the Cabinet within three days following their appointment by the relevant bodies. After this period, the Prime Minister shall assume office and appoint other Members of the Cabinet.

Modalities for the appointment of the Prime Minister and other Members of the Cabinet shall be

provided for in this Peace Agreement;

(b) He shall nominate and accredit Ambassadors, Plenipotentiaries and Extraordinary Envoys abroad, after their appointment by the Cabinet. He shall receive credentials of Ambassadors and Extraordinary Envoys from abroad, after their approval by the Cabinet;

(c) He shall represent the Rwandese State in its relations with other States;

(d) He shall sanction and promulgate, without any right of veto, bills passed by the National Assembly and Orders in Council adopted in the Cabinet meetings within ten days following the date of receipt of the ruling on their constitutionality. After this period, Orders in Council shall be sanctioned and promulgated by the Prime Minister, and the bills shall be sanctioned and promulgated by the Speaker of the Transitional National Assembly;

(e) He shall declare war and sign armistice upon the decision of the Cabinet and after authorization by the National Assembly. To this end, he shall bear the title of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The Army and other security forces shall be accountable to the Cabinet, in accordance with the modalities specified in the Peace Agreement.

Article 7

The President of the Republic shall have the right to include any issue of national interest on the agenda of Cabinet meetings.

Article 8

The President of the Republic may, if he so wishes, attend meetings of the Cabinet. In this case, he shall chair the Cabinet meetings.

Article 9

Executive Orders by the President of the Republic, shall be discussed and adopted by the Cabinet. Since the President of the Republic shall have the right to be involved in decision-making in the Cabinet, he shall have no right of veto on decisions regularly taken by the Cabinet, in particular, draft Presidential Orders when these are submitted to him by the Prime Minister for signature. This signature officializing the Presidential Orders adopted in the Cabinet, shall be effected within ten days following the day of receipt of the said Orders at the Presidency of the Republic. After this period, the decision shall come into force by way of a Prime Ministerial Order.

Article 10

Legal Acts by the President of the Republic shall be countersigned by the Prime Minister and by relevant Ministers and Secretaries of State.

Article 11

In pursuance of the decisions of the Cabinet and in conformity with the procedure defined under Article 9 of the present Protocol, the President of the Republic shall sign Presidential Orders with regard to the following:

1. the prerogative of mercy;

2. the minting of currency;

3. award of the National Orders:

4. the implementation of laws, when he is so required;

5. the appointment and termination of services of the following senior civil servants:

– the Principal Private Secretary to the President of the Republic;

– the Chancellor for National Orders;

– the Governor of the National Bank of Rwanda;

– the Rector of the National University of Rwanda;

– Ambassadors;

– the Secretary to the Cabinet;

– the Personal Secretary to the President of the Republic;

– Advisors in the Presidency of the Republic;

– Principal Private Secretaries in Ministries;

– Advisors in Ministries;

– Head of the Prosecution Department at the Supreme Court;

6. Ratification of International Treaties, Conventions and Agreements. However, Peace Treaties, Treaties of Alliance, Treaties which may entail altering national borders or affect the rights of sovereignty, Treaties on the association of the Republic with one or several other States, as well as Treaties, Conventions and Agreements with financial implications not catered for in the budget, shall be implemented only after their approval by way of a law. The federation of the Republic of Rwanda with one or several other democratic States must be approved through a Referendum.

Article 12

The President of the Republic shall address messages to the Nation, the content of which shall be decided upon by the Cabinet.

Section 2: The Broad-based Transitional Government

Article 13

The current structure of the Government, namely, the number and appellation of Ministries, shall remain unchanged. However, a Secretariat of State in the Prime Minister’s Office in charge of Social Rehabilitation and Integration shall be established.

It shall be responsible for:

1. Repatriation and social and economic reintegration of the Rwandese refugees who may wish to go back home;

2. A Post-War Rehabilitation Programme as defined under Item 23.D of the present Protocol.

Article 14

The political parties participating in the Coalition Government established on 16th April, 1992 as well as the Rwandese Patriotic Front shall have the responsibility to set up the Broad-Based Transitional Government. They shall decide, by consensus, on the other political formations which may participate in that Government.

Article 15

The Government shall be composed of the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers and Secretaries of State.

Sub-section 1: The Powers of the Government:

Article 16

The Government shall be responsible for the management of the country. It shall determine and implement national policy. In so doing, the Government shall:

1. Be responsible for the implementation of laws and regulations;

2. Negotiate and conclude international Treaties, Conventions and Agreements;

3. Discuss and adopt draft bills and present them to the National Assembly;

4. Discuss and adopt Orders in Council, in situations of emergency or when the National Assembly is unable to seat, and transmit them to the President of the Republic for promulgation;

5. Appoint and dismiss civil servants.

6. Discuss and adopt Presidential, Prime Ministerial and Ministerial Statutory Orders on the

implementation of laws.

Article 17

The Government shall be the guarantor of national sovereignty and national unity.

Sub-section 2: The Prime Minister

Article 18:

The Prime Minister shall:

1. In accordance with the Peace Agreement and in consultation with the political forces, prepare the Government programme;

2. In conformity with the modalities provided for in the Peace Agreement, select the other members of the Cabinet;

3. Present the Government programme and the Ministerial team responsible for its implementation to the National Assembly;

4. Lead Government business, convene and chair Cabinet Meetings. He shall prepare the agenda for cabinet meetings, in consultation with the other members of the Government. The Prime Minister shall communicate the agenda to the President of the Republic and to the other members of the Government, at least two days before the date of the meeting.

5. Determine the functions of the Ministers and Secretaries of State as well as the nature and extent of powers of the services under them. The Ministers and Secretaries of State shall be delegated powers by the Prime Minister for the management of the duties of their departments. The Prime Minister shall determine the extent of this delegation of power.

6. In pursuance of the decisions of the Cabinet, sign Prime Ministerial Orders for the appointment and termination of services of the following senior civil servants:

– the Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister;

– Deputy Governors of the National Bank of Rwanda;

– Vice-Rectors of the National University of Rwanda;

– Advisers and “Chefs de Service” in the Prime Minister’s Office;

– the “Prefets de Prefecture”;

– Director in Public Enterprises;

– Directors General in the Ministries;

– Planning and Coordination Officers in Public Enterprises;

– Directors in Public Enterprises and Representatives of the Government in Parastatals;

– Directors and Heads of Division in the Ministries:

– “Sous-Prefets”;

– Bourgmestres;

– Deputy Directors of Public Prosecution at the Supreme Court;

– Head of the Prosecution Department of the Courts of Appeal;

– Deputy Directors of the Courts of Appeal;

– Head of the Prosecution Department at the Courts of First Instance;

– Assistant State Attorneys.

Upon delegation of power by the Cabinet,

(a) the Minister responsible for the Civil Service shall sign Ministerial Orders with regard to appointments and termination of services of Civil Servants from the rank of chief Clerk or equivalent and lower-level posts.

(b) The Minister of Justice shall sign Ministerial Orders for the appointment and termination of services of Judicial staff other than magistrates.

(c) In Public Enterprises, senior staff shall be appointed by the Board of Directors and the rest of the staff by the relevant Director.

7. Countersign, after their promulgation by the President of the Republic, bills passed by the National Assembly as well as Statutory Orders in Council adopted by the Cabinet.

8. By way of Orders decided upon during cabinet meetings, implement laws and regulations when he is required to do so.

9. Address messages to the Nation whose content shall be decided upon by the Cabinet.

10. May, under exceptional circumstances, after a decision taken by the Cabinet and on consultation with the Bureau of the National Assembly and the Supreme Court, declare a State of Siege or a State of Emergency.

Article 19

Legal acts by the Prime Minister shall be countersigned relevant Ministers and Secretaries of State.

Sub-section 3: Functions of the Deputy Prime Minister

Article 20

The Deputy Prime Minister shall:

1. Upon formal delegation of power, replace the Prime Minister in the event of his absence or hindrance.

2. Act as Prime Minister when the post falls vacant, until a new Prime Minister is appointed, following modalities provided for in the Peace Agreement.

3. In addition, hold a Ministerial Portfolio.

Sub-Section 4: Mode of Decision-Making within the Government

Article 21

Prior to the deliberations, the Cabinet meeting shall adopt its agenda. Cabinet decisions shall be taken by consensus. Where consensus is not reached, the issue at hand shall be returned to the relevant Minister for further study. Consensus on the issue shall once again be required subsequent discussions, and if no consensus is reached, a decision shall be taken on the basis of a partial consensus of a 2/3 of the members of the Government present. For the following issues, however, consensus shall be mandatory:

– amendment to the Peace Agreement;

– declaration of war;

– exercise of the prerogative of mercy and mitigation of sentence;

– defence and security matters,

Article 22

For each Cabinet Meeting, minutes and a summary of decisions shall be written. The summary shall be approved and signed by members who attended the said meeting.

Powersharing Transitional Government: Arusha Accord – 4 August 1993

Written by

Article 1

The two parties reaffirm the acceptance of the principle of power-sharing within the framework of a Broad-Based Transitional Government, in conformity with Article V.3. of the N’sele Ceasefire Agreement, as amended at GBADOLITE on 16th September, 1991 and at ARUSHA on 12th July, 1992. The modalities of implementation of this principle are the object of the present Protocol of Agreement on Power-sharing.

Article 2

The two parties agree that those modalities shall consist of:

(a) the maintenance of the current structure of the Coalition Government with appropriate adjustments to be mutually agreed upon in this Protocol, with a view to making room for the participation of the RPF and other political forces in the country;

(b) appropriate adjustments to be mutually agreed upon in this Protocol, to be made at the level of the State powers with a view to enabling the RPF and other political forces in the country to participate in and make for the efficient management of the transition, in compliance principle of separation of powers.

Chapter II: Transitional Institutions

Article 3

During the Transitional Period, the State institutions shall be:

(i) The Presidency of the Republic;

(ii) The Broad-Based Transitional Government;

(iii) The Transitional National Assembly;

(iv) The Institutions of the Judiciary.

Chapter III: The Executive Power

Article 4

The Executive power shall be exercised collectively through decisions taken in Cabinet meetings, by the President of the Republic and by the Government.

Article 6

The two parties agree on the appointment of Mr. TWAGIRAMUNGU Faustin as Prime Minister of the Broad-Based Transitional Government, in accordance with Articles 6 and 51 of the Protocol of Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Rwandese Patriotic Front on Power-Sharing within the framework of a Broad-Based Transitional Government.

Article 7

The Transitional Institutions shall be set up within thirty seven (37) days following the signing of the Peace Agreement.

Protocol of Agreement on Power-Sharing within the Framework of a Broad-Based Transitional Government between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Rwandese Patriotic Front (9 January 1993)

Article 14

The political parties participating in the Coalition Government established on 16th April, 1992 as well as the Rwandese Patriotic Front shall have the responsibility to set up the Broad-Based Transitional Government. They shall decide, by consensus, on the other political formations which may participate in that Government.

Article 15

The Government shall be composed of the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers and Secretaries of State.

Article 19

Legal acts by the Prime Minister shall be countersigned relevant Ministers and Secretaries of State.

Article 23

The Broad-based Transitional Government shall implement the programme comprising the following:

A. Democracy

1. Consolidate the democratic process by establishing the necessary mechanisms for the implementation of the provisions of the Protocol on the Rule of Law.

2. Prepare and organise general elections to be held at the end of the Transition Period.

Sub-Section 4:

Distribution of Ministerial Portfolios within the Broad-Based Transitional Government In accordance with the provisions of Article 14 of the Protocol of Agreement signed on 30th October, 1992, the numerical distribution of the portfolios among political forces called upon to participate in the Broad-Based Transitional Government shall be as follows:

MRND: 5 portfolios

RPF: 5 portfolios

MDR: 4 portfolios (including the post of Prime Minister)

PSD: 3 portfolios

PL: 3 portfolios

PDC: 1 portfolio

Article 56

Nominative distribution of portfolios shall be as follows:

MRND

1. Ministry of Defence;

2. Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Culture;

3. Ministry of Public Service;

4. Ministry of Planning;

5. Ministry of Family Affairs and Promotion of the Status of Women.

RPF

1. Ministry of Interior and Communal Development;

2. Ministry of Transport and Communications;

3. Ministry of Health;

4. Ministry of Youth and Associative Movement;

5. Secretariat of State for Rehabilitation and Social Integration.

MDR

1. Prime Minister;

2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation;

3. Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education;

4. Ministry of Information.

PSD

1. Ministry of Finance;

2. Ministry of Public works and Energy;

3. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development.

PL

1. Ministry of Justice;

2. Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Cottage Industry;

3. Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs;

PDC: Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Article 57

The two parties further agree that:

– With reference to Article 5 of the Protocols of Agreement signed on 30th October, 1992, the Presidency of the Republic shall go to the MRND party;

– one of the holders of the five (5) ministries allocated to the RPF shall bear the title of Deputy Prime Minister in accordance with Article 20, paragraph 3 of the Protocol of Agreement signed on 30th October, 1992.

Article 58

In case one of the political forces called upon to participate in the Broad-based Transitional Government as provided for under Article 14 of the Protocol of Agreement signed on 30th October, 1992, defaults, the portfolios which had been allocated to that force shall be distributed among the remaining political forces. The possibility of opening to political forces other than those mentioned under Articles 55 and 56 above shall be agreed upon by consensus in accordance with Article 14 cited above.

Section 2: Transitional National Assembly

Article 60

The Transitional National Assembly shall, except in the case as provided for in Article 63 of this Protocol of Agreement, be normally composed of seventy (70) members called “Deputies to the Transitional National Assembly”. The “Deputies” shall be appointed by their own political forces and their mandate shall cover the whole Transitional Period. The Transitional National Assembly shall make its own rules of procedure.

Article 61

All the political parties registered in Rwanda at the signing of this Protocol as well as the RPF shall be represented in the Transitional National Assembly, on condition that they adhere to and abide by the provisions of the Peace Agreement. To that effect, all these parties and the RPF should, prior to the establishment of the Broad-Based Transitional National Assembly and the Broad-Based Transitional Government, sign a Political Code of Ethics whose principles are spelt out in Article 80 of this Protocol.

Since the RPF and the political parties Participating in the current Coalition Government are automatically, directly or indirectly, bound as a result of the Protocol of Agreement on the Rule of Law signed by the two parties to the negotiations, the political parties which do not participate in the said Government should, from the time of the signing of the Protocol of Agreement on Power-Sharing, demonstrate their commitment to abide by the principles governing the Protocol of Agreement on the Rule of Law, to support the peace process and to avoid engaging in sectarian practices and in any form of violence. Such commitment shall constitute a prerequisite for their participation in the Transitional National Assembly and it is incumbent upon the two parties to the negotiations to see to it that such commitment is real.

Article 62

The numerical distribution of seats in the Transitional National Assembly among the political forces, subject to the implementation of the previous Article, shall be as follows:

MRND: 11 seats

RPF: 11 seats

MDR: 11 seats

PSD: 11 seats

PL: 11 seats

PDC: 4 seats

The other registered parties shall have one (1) seat each.

Article 63

a) The maximum number of members of the Transitional National Assembly shall become the total number of seats of the remaining political forces if, for one reason or another, one or several political forces do not participate in the forming of the Transitional National Assembly, or withdraw from that assembly, provided that the total number is not reduced to less than two-thirds of the number stipulated under Article 60 of this Protocol of Agreement.

b) If one or several political forces do not participate, or cease to participate in the Transitional National Assembly, and the number of Deputies falls below that stipulated in the above paragraph, the remaining political forces participating in the Transitional National Assembly shall consult and agree on the modalities for the composition of the new National Assembly.

Article 64

A “Deputy” may resign. In this case, his political party shall replace him in consultation with the Bureau of the Transitional National Assembly.

Section 5: Miscellaneous Provisions

Sub-Section 1: Modalities of Appointment within the Judiciary.

Article 84:

In order to maintain the independence of the Judiciary, posts in the Judiciary shall not be subjected to sharing among political forces. Therefore, applications for the posts of Presiding Judge and Deputy Presiding Judge of the Supreme Court, referred to under Article 30 of the Protocol of Agreement signed on 30th October, 1992, shall be considered without any reference to political parties, in order to better ensure the neutrality of magistrates.

Protocol of Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Rwandese Patriotic Front on Miscellaneous Issues and Final Provisions (3 August 1993)

Article 22:

Duration of the Transition Period

The duration of the Transition period shall be twenty two (22) months, effective from the date of establishment of the Broad-Based Transitional Government, with the possibility of one (1) extension if warranted by exceptional circumstances impeding the normal implementation of the programme of the Broad-Based Transitional Government.

The length of the extension shall be determined by the Transitional National Assembly on the basis of a 3/5 majority vote. In this regard, the Broad-Based Transitional Government shall consider the need for an extension, three (3) months before the expiry of the Transition period, and shall make appropriate recommendations to the Transitional National Assembly, in consultation with third parties involved in the implementation of the Peace Agreement, namely the United Nations, the OAU and the Facilitator.

MRND: 11 seats

RPF: 11 seats

MDR: 11 seats

PSD: 11 seats

PL: 11 seats

PDC: 4 seats

Cease Fire: Arusha Accord – 4 August 1993

Written by

N’sele Cease-fire Agreement between the Government of the Rwandese Republic and the Rwandese Patriotic Front (12 July 1992)

Article I

1. A cease-fire is hereby established throughout the territory of the Republic of Rwanda, between the Government Forces and those of the Rwandese Patriotic Front. The cease-fire shall enter into force at midnight (Rwanda time) on 31st July 1992 at the same time as the deployment of the Neutral Military Observer Group.

2. The entry into force of the cease-fire shall be preceded by a truce, that is, the cessation of fighting, which shall enter into force at midnight (Rwanda time) on 19th July 1992.

3. The present Cease-fire Agreement is the first stage of a peace process which shall culminate in a Peace Agreement to be signed at the conclusion of the political negotiations.

Article II

The cease-fire shall imply:

1. The cessation of all hostilities for the purpose of dialogue and serious negotiations between the two parties udder the auspices of the Mediator or a Facilitator;

2. The suspension of supplies of ammunition and weaponry to the field;

3. The supply of non-lethal logistical needs to the military forces in the field;

4. The release of all prisoners-of-war; the effective release of all persons arrested because and as a result of this war within five days following the entry into force of the Cease-fire Agreement;

5. The possibility of recovering the remains of the dead;

6. The withdrawal of all foreign troops after the effective deployment of the Neutral Military Observer Group (NMOG) except for Military Officers serving in Rwanda under bilateral Cooperation Agreements;

7. A ban on infiltration of troops and on the conveyance of troops and war material to the area occupied by each party;

8. A ban on any mine-laying operations or the hindering of operations to remove the mines;

9. The establishment of the Neutral Corridor separating the areas occupied by the two respective forces.

This corridor meant to facilitate the monitoring of the cease-fire by the Neutral Military Observer Group shall be determined in consideration of the front-lines of both armies. The demarcation on the field shall be established by the representatives of the two armies in the presence of the Neutral Military Observer Group.

Article III

1. The verification and control of the cease-fire shall be conducted by the neutral military observer group under the supervision of the Secretary-General of OAU.

2. The Neutral Military Observer Group shall be composed of:

-10 Officers from Nigeria;

-10 Officers from Senegal;

-10 Officers from Zimbabwe;

-10 Officers from an African country to be chosen by the current Chairman of the OAU in collaboration with the President of the United Republic of Tanzania;

-5 Officers from the Government of Rwanda;

-5 Officers from the Rwandese Patriotic Front;

3. The Neutral Military Observer Group shall report any violation of the cease-fire to the Secretary-General of OAU and a joint political military commission.

4. The Neutral Military Observer Group shall set up the organs and machinery required for the control and verification of the cease-fire. It shall draft its own rules of procedure. It shall enjoy a status that would enable it to perform its mission as provided in the Cease-fire Agreement; including privileges and immunities enjoyed by the OAU personnel as enshrined in the general agreement.

5. The Neutral Military Observer Group shall have full communication and other equipment it deems necessary to perform its mission. The NMOG officers may have specific uniforms with insignia for easy identification, and light weapons for self-defence.

Article IV

1. A Joint Political Military Commission composed of 5 representatives of the Rwandese Government and 5 of the Rwandese Patriotic Front is established;

2. The OAU and the following countries are invited to participate, as observers, in the Joint Commission:

Burundi, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Belgium, France and the United States of America;

3. The Joint Commission shall have the following mandate:

– To ensure the follow-up of the implementation of the Cease-fire Agreement;

– To ensure the follow-up of the implementation of the peace Agreement to be signed at the conclusion of the political negotiations;

4. The Joint Commission shall be based at the OAU Headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Commission’s Headquarters may be moved upon agreement by both parties;

5. The Joint Commission shall hold its inaugural meeting not later than 26th July 1992.

Article V

The signatories of the present agreement accept the following principles whose modalities of implementation shall be specified during the political negotiations:

1. Establishment of the rule of law, that is, based namely on national unity, democracy, pluralism, and respect for human rights;

2. Formation of a national army consisting of Government forces and those of the Rwandese Patriotic Front;

3. Establishment of power-sharing within the framework of a broad-based transitional government.

Article VI

The political negotiations culminating in the peace agreement shall proceed pursuant to the following calendar:

1. Commencement of the political negotiations: 10th August 1992;

2. Completion of the political negotiations and signing of the peace agreement: not later than 10 October 1992;

3. Completion of the implementation of the mechanisms and conclusions agreed upon pursuant to the peace Agreement: not later than 10 January 1993.

Verification/Monitoring Mechanism: Agreement on Ending Hostilities in the Republic of Congo

Written by

AGREEMENT ON ENDING HOSTILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

(29 DECEMBER 1999)

Chapter II: The Monitoring Commission for the Agreements on Cease-Fire and End of Hostilities

Article 2: The signatories of this agreement agree to the establishment of a mixed and equal Monitoring Commission for the Agreement on Ceasefire and Ending Hostilities, responsible for:

Monitoring and verifying stipulations for the implementation of cease- fires in conflict zones;

Deed Supporting the Responsibilities and Composition of the Monitoring Commission for the Agreements on Cease-Fire and End of Hostilities in the Republic Of Congo (10 January 2000)

Article 4: The cease-fire and end of hostilities Monitoring Commission is divided into working committees, namely:

1. the committee responsible for collecting weapons;

2. the committee for the resettlement of displaced and exiled people in their habitual place of residence;

3. the committee responsible for the integration and reformation of Self- Defence Forces of Resistance members;

4. the communications committee;

5. the logistics committee.

Article 5: The operations and structures of the committees conform to the policies and procedures of the Monitoring Commission for the agreements on cease-fire and end of hostilities.

However, each committee may request the services of any individual or administration when required.

The committee shall remain in office until its prescribed task is completed.

Article 6: Members of the Monitoring Commission for the agreements on cease-fire and end of hostilities are from:

the Security Forces;

the Self-Defence Forces of Resistance (FADR). Persons selected for their individual competence may also join.

Article 7: the Monitoring Commission for the agreements on cease-fire and end of hostilities is made up of thirty-one (31) members, including an office of six (06) members as follows:

a Chairman;

two Vice-Presidents;

a Reporter;

a Secretary;

a Treasurer

Article 8: The Chairman of the Monitoring Commission for the agreements on cease-fire and end of hostilities is appointed by the International Mediator. The other members are appointed by the signatories of the agreement.

Article 9: The committee adopts its own policies and procedures and budget.

Article 10: The committee’s resources originate from grants, donations, and bequests.

Article 11: The headquarters of the Monitoring Commission for the agreements on cease-fire and end of hostilities is in Brazzaville.

However, it may be transferred to any other place within the national territory, should circumstances require.

Article 12: The committee ceases to exist upon the termination of its tasks.

Education Reform: Agreement on Ending Hostilities in the Republic of Congo

Written by

AGREEMENT ON ENDING HOSTILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

(29 DECEMBER 1999)

Chapter III: General Stipulations

Article 5: The signatories agree to the following:

The reintegration into schools and universities of pupils and students who were previously unable to take-up their schooling place because of war;

Chapter V: From the Government of the Republic

Article 7: The signatories of this agreement recommend:

The recognition of the stipulation to relax the official schooling age in favour of those children whose schooling was disrupted by war.

Internally Displaced Persons: Agreement on Ending Hostilities in the Republic of Congo

Written by

AGREEMENT ON ENDING HOSTILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

(29 DECEMBER 1999)

Chapter II: The Monitoring Commission for the Agreements on Cease-Fire and End of Hostilities

Article 2: The signatories of this agreement agree to the establishment of a mixed and equal Monitoring Commission for the Agreement on Ceasefire and Ending Hostilities, responsible for:

Monitoring and verifying stipulations for the implementation of cease- fires in conflict zones;

Deed Supporting the Responsibilities and Composition of the the Monitoring Commission for the Agreements on Cease-Fire and End of Hostilities in the Republic Of Congo

Article 4: The cease-fire and end of hostilities Monitoring Commission is divided into working committees, namely:

2. the committee for the resettlement of displaced and exiled people in their habitual place of residence.

Refugees: Agreement on Ending Hostilities in the Republic of Congo

Written by

AGREEMENT ON ENDING HOSTILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

(29 DECEMBER 1999)

Chapter II: The Monitoring Commission for the Agreements on Cease-Fire and End of Hostilities

Article 2: The signatories of this agreement agree to the establishment of a mixed and equal Monitoring Commission for the Agreement on Ceasefire and Ending Hostilities, responsible for:

Monitoring and verifying stipulations for the implementation of cease- fires in conflict zones;

Deed Supporting the Responsibilities and Composition of the Monitoring Commission for the Agreements on Cease-Fire and End of Hostilities in the Republic Of Congo

Article 4: The cease-fire and end of hostilities Monitoring Commission is divided into working committees, namely:

2. the committee for the resettlement of displaced and exiled people in their habitual place of residence.

Amnesty: Agreement on Ending Hostilities in the Republic of Congo

Written by

AGREEMENT ON ENDING HOSTILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

(29 DECEMBER 1999)

Chapter III: General Stipulations

Article 5: The signatories agree to the following:

The adoption and promulgation of a General Amnesty law covering acts of war committed from 5 June 1997 up until the date this agreement is signed.

Paramilitary Groups: Agreement on Ending Hostilities in the Republic of Congo

Written by

AGREEMENT ON ENDING HOSTILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

(29 DECEMBER 1999)

Chapter II: The Monitoring Commission for the Agreements on Cease-Fire and End of Hostilities

Article 2: The signatories of this agreement agree to the establishment of a mixed and equal Monitoring Commission for the Agreement on Ceasefire and Ending Hostilities, responsible for:

Ensuring the demilitarisation of political parties, movements, and associations.