The integration of a portion of the former combatants into the civil administration took place in 1996.

The integration of a portion of the former combatants into the civil administration took place in 1996, thus the civil administration reform, as agreed upon in the National Pact of 1992, was completed.

Integration into the public administration took place in 1996. Yet different sources report conflicting data regarding this integration. One source reporting from the president’s office on 19 February 1997 claimed that a total of 120 persons were integrated into the civil services. Among them, 20 were senior officers, 20 were higher mid-level officers, 20 were lower mid-level officers, 30 junior officers, and 30 were lower rank. Also in 1996, 100 people were integrated into the customs service and another 50 into the water and forest.¹ Another source claimed that a total of 149 persons were integrated into civilian administration.² This integration of a portion of the former combatants completes the civil administration reform that was agreed upon in the National Pact of 1992.

Integration into the administration did not take place in 1995.

Negotiations between the government and the MUFA took place in April and May of 1994 in Tamanrasset, Algeria. Both sides negotiated a range of issues including the reintegration of former combatants into uniformed forces and the integration of civilians into the civilian administration. Since the Front Islamique Arabe de lÕAzawad (FIAA) demanded that 40% of integrated positions be reserved for itself, the government negotiators found themselves mediating between the demands of the two groups.³ Integration into the administration did not take place in 1994.

Integration of former combatants into public and semi-public service did not materialize in 1993.

Integration of former combatants into public and semi-public service did not materialize in 1992.

Decentralization was successfully implemented in Mali. Instead of just devolving political and economic power to northern Mali, the government adopted and successfully implemented a decentralization program throughout the country.

Decentralization was successfully implemented in Mali. Instead of just devolving political and economic power to northern Mali, the government adopted and successfully implemented a decentralization program throughout the country.

In May, elections in 492 towns took place in the Kayes, Koulikoro, Sisasso and Segou regions. In these elections, the ruling Alliance for Democracy in Mali (ADEMA) won 4,193 of the 7,124 seats. There were 80 parties but only 30 parties took part in the elections.⁴ In the remaining towns, elections took place as scheduled on June 6. Following these elections, ethnic clashes occurred between Arab and Kounta communities. These communities fought over the control of Tarkint, a town in the Bourem district;38 people were killed and 13 wounded during the conflict.⁵