Media Reform – 1994

Written by

In March 1994, the Lebanese government forced private television and radio stations to stop broadcasting news and other political programs. The government was said to introduce a new press law which would cram the press censorship.1

Media Reform – 1993

Written by

The Taif accord called for the recognition of information media under the canopy of the law and within the framework of responsible liberties. This proposal, however, remained controversial and by the end of 1993, government yet had to submit a draft law to parliament.[fn]”Lebanon Human Rights Practices, 1993,” U.S. Department of State Dispact, 1994.[/efn_note]

Education Reform – 1997

Written by

According to Farayah (2003:86), “the adaptation of the Educational Reform Plan was followed by the development of new curricula. The foregoing objectives were stated in the curricula developed in 1997 and implemented in 1998. The social studies curriculum, in particular, has a number of detailed objectives concerning Lebanon’s identity as an Arab State, respect and acceptance of others, tolerance, value of personal freedom and human rights.”2

1998: The curricular change made in 1997 was implemented in 1998.3

1999: No further information available on education reform. It is difficult to assess the impact of educational reform as the curricular change was implemented only in 1998.

Education Reform – 1994

Written by

According to Farayah, the Lebanese government developed the ‘Plan for Educational ReformÕ in 1994. “The plan included objectives such as: (a) the strengthening of national affiliation and social cohesion among students; and (b) providing the new generation with the basic knowledge, skills and expertise, with emphasis on national upbringing and authentic Lebanese values, such as liberty, democracy, tolerance and rejection of violence.”3 This plan’s initiatives, however, do not mean that the government actually carried out curriculum development as envisaged in the Taif accord.