The Arusha Accords marked the official ending of the three-year civil war that confronted the Rwandan Army and the RPF between October 1990 and August 1993.
Besides the official ceasefire, the final Accords comprise a series of agreements (protocols) signed between 199 and 1993 on topics such as ceasefire, rule of law, transitional justice and government power-sharing mechanisms, repatriation of refugees and resettlement of displaced people (IDPs), military reform, and “final provisions”.
The Accords granted the RPF 40% of the official positions within the Rwandan Armed Forces and agreed to the creation of an interim “broad-based” transitional government until elections were held.
The Rwandese Government and the RPF agreed to the creation of a “Neutral International Force (NIF)” under the responsibility and command of the United Nations (UN). The NIF was tasked with monitoring the ceasefire between the parties, guaranteeing the “overall security of the country”, and supervising the process of formation of the National Army.
On October 5, 1993, the UN Security Council established the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was established.