The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB)

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Annex on Power Sharing stipulated the creation of the Central Government – Bangsamoro Government Intergovernmental Relation body to resolve disputes.  The agreement further called for representation of Bangsamoros in central government positions.

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft called for the establishment of the intergovernmental relations body.  It also required coordination between the central and regional governments on concurrent powers through the body.  It also called for the appointment of Bangsamoros to specific central government offices.  The draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[1] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[2] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[3] [4]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[2] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[3] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[4] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law created the National Government-Bangsamoro Government Intergovernmental Relations Body to manage the relationship between the regional and central government.^[2] The law also included provisions requiring the Bangsamoro government’s representation in the National Government “as far as practicable.”^[3]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 2.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 11.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law created the National Government-Bangsamoro Government Intergovernmental Relations Body to manage the relationship between the regional and central government.^[2] The relations body met for the first time in December 2019.^[3] The law also included provisions requiring the Bangsamoro Government’s representation in the national government “as far as practicable.”^[4]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 2.

^[3]  “Intergovernmental body meets to resolve issues between the national gov’t, BARRM,” Manila Bulletin, December 17, 2019.

^[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 11.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law created the National Government-Bangsamoro Government Intergovernmental Relations Body to manage the relationship between the regional and central government.^[2] The relations body met for the first time in December 2019.^[3] The law also included provisions requiring the Bangsamoro Government’s representation in the national government “as far as practicable.”^[4]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 2.

^[3]  “Intergovernmental body meets to resolve issues between the national gov’t, BARRM,” Manila Bulletin, December 17, 2019.

^[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 11.

2021

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law created the National Government-Bangsamoro Government Intergovernmental Relations Body to manage the relationship between the regional and central government.^[2] The relations body met for the first time in December 2019.^[3]The law also included provisions requiring the Bangsamoro government’s representation in the National Government “as far as practicable.”^[4]

The Intergovernmental Relations Body (IGRB) was also operational. A representative from the national government and a representative from the BARMM co-chair the IGRB, which has the mandate to resolve disputes and issues related to national programs in the BARMM.^[5]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 2.

^[3]  “Intergovernmental body meets to resolve issues between the national gov’t, BARRM,” Manila Bulletin, December 17, 2019.

^[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 11.

^[5] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The GPH-MILF Decision Points, Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, and Annex on Normalization emphasize respect for women’s rights and stipulate action by both parties to promote equal protection of women and participation of women in government and the economy. The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provided for the rights of women in Bangsamoro with respect to political participation^[1], employment, ^[2] and protection from violence, ^[3] exploitation and abuse. ^[4]

The BBL also calls for the direct consideration of women in the development process in Bangsamoro: “it shall guarantee full and direct participation of women in governance and in the development process and shall, further, ensure that women benefit equally in the implementation of development programs and projects […] at least five percent (5%) of the total budget appropriation of each ministry, office, and constituent local government unit of the Bangsamoro shall be set aside for gender-responsive programs, in accordance with a gender and development plan.”^[5]

The BBL further provides for women’s participation in the Bangsamoro government, requiring that “[a]side from the reserved seat for women in the Parliament, there shall be at least one (1) qualified woman to be appointed to the Bangsamoro Cabinet. The Bangsamoro Parliament shall enact a law that gives recognition to the important role of women in nation-building and regional development and ensures representation of women in other decision-making and policy-determining bodies of the Bangsamoro Government.”^[6]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provides for the creation of a Bangsamoro police force as part of the national police force.^[7] The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[8] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[9] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[10] [11]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.      

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 1.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 10.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 1.

^[4] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 10.

^[5] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article XIII, Section 6.

^[6] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 11.

^[7] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article XI.

^[8] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[9] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[10] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[11] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018. ^[1] The law included processions that set quotas for women in the Bangsamoro Parliament and Cabinet.^[2] The treaty also obligated the Bangsamoro government to protect women’s rights including employment, and freedom from expropriation, abuse, and violence.^[3]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 11.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 12.

2019

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law included provisions that set quotas for women in the Bangsamoro Parliament and Cabinet.^[2] The treaty also obligated the Bangsamoro Government to protect women’s rights, including employment and freedom from expropriation, abuse, and violence.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 11.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 12.

2020

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law included provisions that set quotas for women in the Bangsamoro Parliament and Cabinet.^[2] The law also obligated the Bangsamoro Government to protect women’s rights, including employment and freedom from expropriation, abuse, and violence.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 11.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 12.

2021

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law included provisions that set quotas for women in the Bangsamoro Parliament and Cabinet.^[2] The law also obligated the Bangsamoro government to protect women’s rights, including employment, and freedom from expropriation, abuse, and violence.^[3] Further, the agreement calls for setting aside at least 5% of the official development funds to address women’s needs. However, this information is not available.

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 11.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 12.

2014

Intermediate Implementation

The Agreement on Peace, GPH-MILF Decision Points, Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Annex on Transitional Arrangements and Modalities, Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, and Annex on Normalization call for the creation of various bodies to monitor and verify the implementation phase of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro. The International Monitoring Team (IMT) is a Malaysian-led body charged with monitoring and verifying the 1997 Agreement for the General Cessation of Hostilities and the 2001 Agreement on Peace between the MILF and the Philippines government. The IMT was first deployed in 2004, and remained operational through 2014. As of 2014, IMT was composed of forces from Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Japan, and Norway.^[1]

In July 2013, the Third Party Monitoring Team (TPMT) was formed to monitor, verify and report progress on all provisions in agreements signed between the MILF and the GRP in accordance with the 2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro.^[2] The TPMT issued its first Public Report in February 2014.^[3]

In 2014, the Joint Normalization Committee (JNC) was formed with a broad mandate of coordinating and assessing implementation procedures.^[4] The JNC was additionally tasked with monitoring demobilization, police force enhancement, and development initiatives.^[5]

^[1] “S. Philippines Muslim rebels grateful for Indonesian peacekeepers,” Xinhua General News Service, July 9, 2014

^[2] “Independent body to monitor implementation of Philippine-MILF peace pact,” Xinhua General News Service, July 9, 2013.

^[3]TPMT. “Press Release: Third-Party Monitoring Team Issues its first Public Report,” February 28, 2014.

^[4] “Philippine gov’t, MILF create normalization bodies,” Xinhua General News Service, May 6, 2014.

^[5] Terms of Reference for the Joint Normalization Committee, March 22, 2014.

2015

Full Implementation

In January 2015, the International Decommissioning Body’s Verification and Monitoring Assistance Teams were charged with monitoring and verifying government and MILF compliance in disarmament and demobilization measures.^[1] The International Monitoring Team (IMT) extended its mandate to monitor and verify the ceasefire until March 2016.^[2]

^[1] Protocol on the Implementation of the Terms of Reference of the Independent Decommissioning Body, January 29, 2015.

^[2] “Philippines government, rebel group sign pact to decommission firearms,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 31, 2015.

2016

Full Implementation

In February, the Philippine government and the MILF agreed to extend the mandate of the IMT until March 31, 2017.^[1]

[1] “Philippines government, rebel group reaffirm commitment to peace process,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 15, 2016.

2017

Full Implementation

The Third-Party Monitoring Team continued to operate in 2017 and issued a report on its work in September 2017.^[1] The International Monitoring Team observed no new developments. No certification of renewal was documented in 2017, nor was there any announcement of closure or withdrawal. The Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2017.

[1] “Fourth Public Report, March 2016 to June 2017,” Third-Party Monitoring Team, September 24, 2017.

2018

Full Implementation

The Third Party Monitoring Team and Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2018.^[1][2]

[1] “May 2018 session,” Third Party Monitoring Team, http://tpmt.ph/may-2018-session.

[2] “Successful peace process leads to lower crime rate in Zambo,” Manilla Standard, August 18, 2018.

2019

Full Implementation

The Third Party Monitoring Team and Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

The Third Party Monitoring Team and Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2020.

2021

Full Implementation

The Third Party Monitoring Team and Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2021.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Normalization Annex, reaffirmed by the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, mandates the creation of the Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission. On May 6, 2014 the government and MILF announced the creation of the Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC), which is charged with recommending mechanisms to address the grievances of the Bangsamoro people, and will be led by an expert from Switzerland.^[1] The TJRC convened throughout 2014.^[2]

^[1] “Philippine gov’t, MILF create normalization bodies,” Xinhua General News Service, May 6, 2014.

^[2] “Philippines, MILF meet to start disarmament process,” Anadolu Agency, September 28, 2014.

2015

Intermediate Implementation

The Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission convened throughout 2015 and submitted a report to the Peace Panels in December, 2015.^[1]

^[1] “TJRC Hands Over The Report To The Peace Panels,” Truth and Justice Reconciliation Commission, December 11, 2015.

2016

Intermediate Implementation

The Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission released its 2015 report to the public in 2016. The report identifies Bangsamoro grievances including historical injustices, human rights violations, violence, impunity, and neglect, and provides recommendations for action to facilitate healing and reconciliation.^[1]

[1] Report of the Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2016.

2017

Intermediate Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018. ^[1] On the recommendation of the Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission, the law required the Bangsamoro Parliament to create “a transitional justice mechanism to address the legitimate grievances of the Bangsamoro people and the indigenous peoples.”^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 1.

2019

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] On the recommendation of the Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission, the law required the Bangsamoro Parliament to create “a transitional justice mechanism to address the legitimate grievances of the Bangsamoro people and the Indigenous peoples.”^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 1.

2020

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] On the recommendation of the Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission, the law required the Bangsamoro Parliament to create “a transitional justice mechanism to address the legitimate grievances of the Bangsamoro people and the Indigenous peoples.”^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 1.

2021

Intermediate Implementation

It is reported that the Inter-Cabinet Cluster Mechanism on Normalization (ICCMN) has set up a cluster to implement the TJRC (Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission) recommendations. The TJRC-recommended National Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission for the Bangsamoro (NTJRCB), a mechanism to oversee a National Dealing With the Past, is yet to be established.^[1] It is reported that the BARMM government has passed a resolution (Resolution 56) asking the national government to create the NTJRCB and the Philippine government is still to pass a law.^[2]

^[1]  “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

^[2] “Advancing the transitional justice agenda (1),” Inquirer, June 7, 2021. https://opinion.inquirer.net/140937/advancing-the-transitional-justice-agenda-1

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro stipulates the conditions for a plebiscite to incorporate contiguous territories into the Bangsamoro. The Bangsamoro Basic Law drafted in 2014 includes language providing for a plebiscite to determine the territorial jurisdiction of the Bangsamoro.^[1]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provides for the creation of a Bangsamoro police force as part of the national police force.^[2] The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[3] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[4] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[5] [6]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article XV.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article XI.

^[3] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[4] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[5] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The signed law defined the territorial and maritime jurisdiction of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, conditional on a successful plebiscite.^[2] The law also allowed for additional municipalities and wards (barangays) to join the Autonomous Region if the voters approved of joining in the plebiscite.^[3]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IV and XV.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XV, Section 3.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. In addition, a second plebiscite on February 6, 2019, determined that further municipalities in North Cotabato would join the new autonomous region. Voters decided against the inclusion of additional municipalities in Lanao del Norte.^[1]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. In addition, a second plebiscite on February 6, 2019, determined that further municipalities in North Cotabato would join the new autonomous region. Voters decided against the inclusion of additional municipalities in Lanao del Norte.^[1]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2021

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. In addition, a second plebiscite on February 6, 2019, determined that further municipalities in North Cotabato would join the new autonomous region. Voters decided against the inclusion of additional municipalities in Lanao del Norte.^[1]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Agreement on Peace between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro called for reparations to compensate for the destruction of property during the conflict and general property rights.

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft established fundamental property rights, as required by the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro,^[1]  however it did not include reparations.  The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[2] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[3] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[4] [5]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 3.

^[2] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[3] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[4] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[5] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2016

Minimum Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

Minimum Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Minimum Implementation

The BBL stipulates that the Bangsamoro Parliament enact laws to provide reparations for lost property.^[1]

[1] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 2.

2019

Minimum Implementation

No further developments observed.

2020

Minimum Implementation

No further developments observed.

2021

Minimum Implementation

No further developments observed.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro and Annex on Normalization of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro stipulate action to facilitate the transition of MILF forces to civilian life. In August 2014, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) of the Philippines allotted 355 million pesos in their budget to provide free training in technical and vocational courses for ex-combatants.^[1]

^[1] “Tesda allots P335 million to train ex-MILF fighters,” Business Mirror, August 17, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

145 decommissioned Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces received PhilHealth cards and P25,000 immediate cash assistance. ^[1]

^[1] “Philippine rebels begin process of giving up arms,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, June 16, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

On April 28, 2016, MILF members decommissioned in 2015 graduated from a government training program, which was operated by the government Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. The program included courses to prepare former combatants for civilian life, including “bread and pastry production, driving, carpentry, cookery, small engine repair, dressmaking/tailoring, automotive servicing, electrical installation and maintenance, welding, and entrepreneurship.”^[1]

[1] “Former Philippine rebels swap guns for spanners,” Gulf News, April 28, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Minimum Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law obligated the National and Regional governments to establish programs to rehabilitate MILF and MNLF fighters.^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XVI, Section 1.

2019

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law obligated the national and regional governments to establish programs to rehabilitate MILF and MNLF fighters.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XVI, Section 1.

2020

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law obligated the national and regional governments to establish programs to rehabilitate MILF and MNLF fighters.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XVI, Section 1.

2021

Minimum Implementation

As of 2021, some 30% of MILF combatants have gone through the decommissioning process as part of the second phase, and the third phase is currently underway and involves 35% of MILF combatants. ^[1] As part of the reintegration process, decommissioned combatants, their families, and communities receive economic packages comprised of social protections, capacity building, livelihood/employment assistance, and social infrastructure. The demobilized combatants received cash assistance worth PhP100,000 each. According to the TPMT report, a total of 501 combatants and their families graduated from the technical training programs, and a total of 330 out of 450 targeted decommissioned combatants completed the value transformation training by the Bangsamoro Development Agency (BDA) in 2021. The TPMT report also notes the completion of some social infrastructure. Nevertheless, not all decommissioned combatants have received socio-economic development packages, as 12,145 decommissioned combatants from Phase 1 and Phase 2 are still waiting for their socio-economic packages. Lack of clarity on socio-economic packages has caused a delay in the decommissioning and reintegration process.^[2]

^[1] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022; “Decommissioning process delayed by 21,000 MILF combatants – Galvez,” Rappler, September 15, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/nation/carlito-galvez-jr-says-decommissioning-delayed-by-thousands-milf-combatants/

^[2] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

Intermediate Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Annex on Transitional Arrangements and Modalities, and Annex on Normalization call for periodic evaluation of the implementation progress of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro. In July 2013, the Third Party Monitoring Team (TPMT) was formed to monitor, verify and report progress on all provisions in agreements signed between the MILF and the GRP in accordance with the 2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro.^[1] The TPMT issued its first Public Report in February 2014.^[2]

In 2014, the Joint Normalization Committee was formed with a broad mandate of coordinating and assessing implementation procedures.^[3]

^[1] “Independent body to monitor implementation of Philippine-MILF peace pact,” Xinhua General News Service, July 9, 2013.

^[2]“Press Release: Third-Party Monitoring Team Issues its first Public Report,” Third-Party Monitoring Team, February 28, 2014.

^[3] “Philippine gov’t, MILF create normalization bodies,” Xinhua General News Service, May 6, 2014.

2015

Full Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2016

Full Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

Full Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Full Implementation

The Third Party Monitoring Team continued to operate in 2018.^[1]

[1] “May 2018 session,” Third Party Monitoring Team, http://tpmt.ph/may-2018-session.

2019

Full Implementation

The Third Party Monitoring Team continued to operate in 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

The Third Party Monitoring Team continued to operate in 2020.

2021

Full Implementation

The peace process actors have constantly been reviewing the agreement’s compliance. As the implementation slowed down and the BTA is behind schedule to pass key legislative priorities, the normalization deadline of 2022 is now extended to 2025.

2014

No Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro and Annex on Normalization in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro mandate the creation of a Bangsamoro police force accountable to both the Philippines and Bangsamoro governments. In September 2013, the government-MILF peace panels formed the Independent Commission on Policing, charged with a 6-month-long mission of initiating proposals and making recommendations related to the establishment of the police force in the future Bangsamoro.^[1]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provides for the creation of a Bangsamoro police force as part of the national police force.^[2] The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[3] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[4] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[5] [6]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.      

^[1] “Gov’t, MILF peace panels form body on Bangsamoro police force,” Philippines Daily Inquirer, September 18, 2013.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article XI.

^[3] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[4] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[5] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

No Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

No Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

No Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Minimum Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018. ^[1] The law required the establishment of a regional police force and waived certain eligibility requirements for joining the police force for MILF and MNLF fighters.^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XI, Section 2.

2019

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] In accordance with the law, the police force in Bangsamoro was reorganized in September.^[2] The law required the establishment of a regional police force and waived certain eligibility requirements for joining the police force for MILF and MNLF fighters.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Napolcom approves reorganization, renaming of PRO ARMM to PRO BAR,” Manila Bulletin, September 24, 2019.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XI, Section 2.

2020

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] In accordance with the law, the police force in Bangsamoro was reorganized in September.^[2] The law required the establishment of a regional police force and waived certain eligibility requirements for joining the police force for MILF and MNLF fighters.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Napolcom approves reorganization, renaming of PRO ARMM to PRO BAR,” Manila Bulletin, September 24, 2019.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XI, Section 2.

2021

Minimum Implementation

Following the Bangsamoro Basic Law of January 2019, the police force in Bangsamoro was reorganized in September 2019. However, the law requires the establishment of a regional police force composed of MILF and MNLF fighters. Further, the signatories agreed to establish 11 Joint Peace and Security Teams (JPST) barracks and create 200 Joint Peace and Security Teams comprising the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), the Philippines National Police (PNP), and the MILF’s Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF). The JPST will be the 6,000-strong force composed of 3,000 BIAF-MILF members and 3,000 government troops, of which 1,600 will be police and 1,400 soldiers.^[1] As of 2021, 20 JPST teams are trained, of which only 14 teams have been deployed. The 30-personnel JPST is composed of 15 members from the AFP and PNP for the GPH side and 15 members from the BIAF-MILF side.^[2]

^[1] “Iqbal: Only 400 out of supposed 6,000-strong Bangsamoro joint peace security team trained,” Minda News, November 7, 2021.

^[2] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

No Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro called for the disbandment of paramilitary groups.

No developments observed this year.

2015

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2016

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Minimum Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law included some language regarding the disbandment of the paramilitary groups. The law waived certain eligibility requirements for joining the police force for MILF and Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) fighters.^[2] In addition, it obligated the National and Regional governments to establish programs to rehabilitate MILF and MNLF fighters.^[3]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XI, Section 2.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XVI, Section 1.

2019

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 20191.^[1] The law included some language regarding the disbandment of the paramilitary groups. The law waived certain eligibility requirements for joining the police force for MILF and MNLF fighters.^[2] Additionally, it obligated the national and regional governments to establish programs to rehabilitate MILF and MNLF fighters.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XI, Section 2.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XVI, Section 1.

2020

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law included some language regarding the disbandment of the paramilitary groups. The law waived certain eligibility requirements for joining the police force for MILF and MNLF fighters.^[2] In addition, it obligated the national and regional governments to establish programs to rehabilitate MILF and MNLF fighters.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XI, Section 2.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XVI, Section 1.

2021

Minimum Implementation

The Bangsamoro Basic Law ratified in 2019 includes some language regarding the disbandment of paramilitary groups. ^[1] The National Task Force for the Disbandment of PAGs (NTF-DPAGs) has ongoing security assessment and inventory of private armed groups (PAGs) in the region, and the DPAGs had an awareness campaign. However, there was no report of any private armed groups being disbanded.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The GPH-MILF Decision Points, Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, Annex on Power Sharing, and Addendum on the Bangsamoro Waters stipulate the conditions of Bangsamoro and Philippine government authority over natural resources and their revenues in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft recognizes Bangsamoro ownership of all inland waters (lakes, river systems and streams) within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, delineating their appropriate preservation and management as falling under the Bangsamoro jurisdiction.^[1]  The BBL further outlines management of all natural resources as a power exclusive to the Bangsamoro government. ^[2] The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft delineates the allocation of income from natural resources in Bangsamoro. All revenues from non-metallic minerals will go to the Bangsamoro, revenues from fossil fuels and uranium will be shared evenly between the central and Bangsamoro governments, and Bangsamoro will receive 75% of revenues from metallic minerals while the central government receives the remaining 25%.^[3]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[4] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[5] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[6] [7]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article III, Section 4.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article V, Section 3.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article XII, Section 32.

^[4] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[5] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law established revenue sharing for natural resource profits between the National and Regional Government, as well as revenue sharing between the Regional Government and local governments. Additionally, the law required that indigenous groups be given an equal share of profits from resources on their land, although the specific mechanism and percentages were to be defined in a later law.^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XII, Sections 34, 35, and 36.

2019

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 20191.^[1] The law established revenue sharing for natural resource profits between the national and regional governments and revenue sharing between the regional and local governments. Additionally, the law required that Indigenous groups be given an equal share of profits from resources on their land, although the specific mechanism and percentages were to be defined in later law.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XII, Sections 34, 35, and 36.

2020

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 20191.^[1] The law established revenue sharing for natural resource profits between the national and regional governments, as well as revenue sharing between the regional government and local governments. Additionally, the law required that Indigenous groups be given an equal share of profits from resources on their land. However, the specific mechanism and percentages were to be defined in later law.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XII, Sections 34, 35, and 36.

2021

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 20191.^[1] The law established revenue sharing for natural resource profits between the national and regional governments and revenue sharing between the regional and local governments. Additionally, the law required that Indigenous groups be given an equal share of profits from resources on their land, although the specific mechanism and percentages were to be defined in later law.^[2]

The BBL defined a 25% to 75% revenue-sharing criterion that has yet to be implemented, and no progress has been made on the exploration, development, and utilization of natural resources.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XII, Sections 34, 35, and 36.

^[3] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro required the central government to guarantee the rights of the Bangsamoro.

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft includes a passage requiring the central government to protect the rights of the Bangsamoro.^[1] The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[2] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[3] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[4] [5]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article VI, Section 10.

^[2] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[3] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[4] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[5] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft includes a passage requiring the central government to protect the rights of the Bangsamoro.^[1] Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[2] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article VI, Section 10.

^[2] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft includes a passage requiring the central government to protect the rights of the Bangsamoro.^[1] Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[2] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article VI, Section 10.

[2] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2] The law also obligates the Bangsamoro Parliament to take steps to address human rights violations.^[3]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 1.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2] The law also obligates the Bangsamoro Parliament to take steps to address human rights violations.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 1.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2] The law also obligates the Bangsamoro Parliament to take steps to address human rights violations.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 1.

2021

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2] The law also obligates the Bangsamoro Parliament to take steps to address human rights violations.^[3] The Indigenous Peoples Code still remains pending.^[4]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 1.

^[4] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

No Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro calls for the transfer of power from the Armed Forces of the Philippines to the Bangsamoro police force. On this, there were no developments observed this year.

The Annex on Normalization stipulates the coordination between the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the Bangsamoro. The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provides protocol for the coordination of national armed forces movement in the Bangsamoro.^[1] The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[2] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[3] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[4] [5]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4494. Article XI, Section 17.

^[2] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[3] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[4] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[5] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

No Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

No Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

No Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

No Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] However, the final version of the law removed draft language that would have established a Bangsamoro Military Command which would have given leadership preference to people from the Bangsamoro. In addition, the final law removed language requiring the National and Regional government to establish coordination protocols for armed forces movement.

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

2019

No Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] However, the final version of the law removed draft language that would have established a Bangsamoro Military Command, which would have given leadership preference to people from the Bangsamoro.  In addition, the final law removed language requiring the national and regional governments to establish coordination protocols for armed forces movement.

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2020

No Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] However, the final version of the law removed draft language that would have established a Bangsamoro Military Command, which would have given leadership preference to people from the Bangsamoro. In addition, the final law removed language requiring the national and regional governments to establish coordination protocols for armed forces movement.

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2021

No Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] However, the law’s final version removed draft language that would have established a Bangsamoro Military Command, which would have given leadership preference to people from the Bangsamoro. In addition, the final law removed language requiring the national and regional governments to establish coordination protocols for armed forces movement. While the planning for the redeployment of the AFP (Armed Forces of the Philippines) did not advance in 2021, the AFP and Joint Normalization Committee were said to be working on redeployment criteria and joint security assessment.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro dictates the formulation of justice institutions in the Bangsamoro and integration of the Shari’ah justice system. The Bangsamoro Basic Law stipulates changes in the administration of justice: “Administration of justice shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Basic Law and with due regard to the powers of the Supreme Court and the competence of the Bangsamoro Government over Shari’ah courts and the Shari’ah justice system in the Bangsamoro. The supremacy of Shari’ah and its application shall only be to Muslims.” ^[1] The BBL also delineates control over customary justice and Shari’ah courts and Shari’ah justice systems, as well as the Hisbah office for accountability, as exclusive to the Bangsamoro government. ^[2] The Bangsamoro Basic Law further outlines the jurisdiction and laws of Shari’ah courts in Bangsamoro.^[3]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[4] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[5] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[6] [7]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article V, Section 2.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article V, Section 3.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article X.

^[4] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[5] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law stipulated the creation of a justice system in the Bangsamoro that was “administered in accordance with the unique cultural and historic heritage of the Bangsamoro.” The law additionally allowed for the use of Shari’ah law in cases involving Muslims and tribal law in cases involving indigenous persons.^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article X, Section 1.

2019

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law stipulated the creation of a justice system in the Bangsamoro that was “administered in accordance with the unique cultural and historic heritage of the Bangsamoro.”  The law additionally allowed for the use of Shari’ah law in cases involving Muslims and tribal law in cases involving indigenous persons.^[2] However, no changes in the judicial system were observed in 2019.

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article X, Section 1.

2020

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law stipulated the creation of a justice system in the Bangsamoro that was “administered in accordance with the unique cultural and historic heritage of the Bangsamoro.” The law additionally allowed for the use of Shari’ah law in cases involving Muslims and tribal law in cases involving indigenous persons.^[2] However, no changes in the judicial system were observed in 2020.

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article X, Section 1.

2021

Intermediate Implementation

The Bangsamoro Basic Law allows Shari’ah law in cases involving Muslims and tribal law in cases involving Indigenous persons.^[1] However, no changes in the judicial system were observed in 2021. Also, no further information is available on alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.

^[1] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article X, Section 1.

2014

No Implementation

The Agreement on the General Framework, Agreement on Peace, and Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro required the central government and MILF to facilitate the return of displaced persons to the Bangsamoro.

No developments observed this year.

2015

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2016

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Minimum Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law required the National and Bangsamoro governments to implement programs to address the needs of internally displaced persons.^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XIV, Section 1.

2019

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law required the National and Bangsamoro Governments to implement programs to address the needs of internally displaced persons.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XIV, Section 1.

2020

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law required the National and Bangsamoro Governments to implement programs to address the needs of internally displaced persons.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XIV, Section 1.

2021

Minimum Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law required the National and Bangsamoro Governments to implement programs to address the needs of internally displaced persons, including non-Moro Indigenous people.^[2] Local-level conflict displaced an estimated 350,000 persons in Marawi.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XIV, Section 1.

^[3] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

No Implementation

The Annex on Normalization  required the government to provide amnesty for crimes connected to the Mindanao conflict.

No developments observed this year.

2015

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2016

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2019

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2020

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2021

Minimum Implementation

The process of implementing amnesty began. The TPMT (Third Party Monitoring Team) noted that the Department of Justice and the OPAPP (Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation, and Unity) were evaluating the list of the MILF for charged and convicted crimes of MILF members. In February, the House of Representatives Committees on Justice and National Defense and Security had a joint hearing on four proclamations (No. 1090, 1091, 1092, and 1093) granting amnesty to  members of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Pilipinas/Revolutionary Proletarian Army/Alex Boncayao Brigade (RPMP-RPA-ABB), and former rebels of the Communist Terrorist Group (CTG).^[1] The House of Representatives passed these proclamations in May. ^[2] Further, President Duterte signed Executive Order No. 125, creating the National Amnesty Commission (NAC).^[3] The seven-member commission comprises a chairperson, two regular members, and four ex-officio members.^[4] The National Amnesty Commission was processing cases, but the commission had not made any deliberation.^[5]

^[1] “House panels OK reports on amnesty resolutions for rebel groups.” 14 April 2021. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1136738

^[2] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

^[3] Ibid.

^[4] “New National Amnesty Commission seen to aid peace efforts,” 10 February, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/nation/national-amnesty-commission-seen-to-aid-peace-efforts/

^[5] “COVID-19 Delays Handover of Former Rebels’ Weapons in Southern Philippines,”  Benar News. 15 September, 2021. https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/southern-philippines-former-separatist-rebels-09152021132549.html

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Annex on Power Sharing and Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, stipulates recognition and protection of the Bangsamoro identity, cultural and religious associations, community traditions and customary justice. The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provides for “protection of the rights of the indigenous people in Bangsamoro in accordance with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,” and calls for the Bangsamoro Parliament to create an office as part of the Bangsamoro Cabinet committed to developing and implementing programs for indigenous people. ^[1]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law also contains language providing for recognition of the Bangsamoro identity.^[2] The BBL also provides for action by the Bangsamoro government to adopt measures to promote and protect indigenous rights, customs, traditions, justice systems, political structures, land, and political participation. ^[3]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[4] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[5] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[6] [7]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article V, Section 3.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 5.

^[4] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[5] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law required the regional government to implement laws to protect the following rights: native titles, indigenous customs, indigenous political/judicial structures, revenue sharing for resources in ancestral lands, informed consent, participation in the regional government, basic services, and freedom to choose an ethnic identity.  In addition, the regional government is obligated to create a ministry for indigenous peoples.^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 3.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law required the regional government to implement laws to protect the following rights: native titles, Indigenous customs, Indigenous political/judicial structures, revenue sharing for resources in ancestral lands, informed consent, participation in the regional government, basic services, and freedom of choice of ethnic identity. The new Bangsamoro Transition Authority established the Ministry of Indigenous People’s Affairs and named a minister in February 2019.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Murad vows a government ‘free of all the ills of governance;’ names 10 ministers, Minda News, February 27, 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law required the regional government to implement laws to protect the following rights: native titles, Indigenous customs, Indigenous political/judicial structures, revenue sharing for resources in ancestral lands, informed consent, participation in the regional government, basic services, and freedom of choice of ethnic identity. The new Bangsamoro Transitional Authority established the Ministry of Indigenous People’s Affairs and named a minister in February 2019.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Murad vows a government ‘free of all the ills of governance;’ names 10 ministers, Minda News, February 27, 2019.

2021

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law required the regional government to implement laws to protect the following rights: native titles, Indigenous customs, Indigenous political/judicial structures, revenue sharing for resources in ancestral lands, informed consent, participation in the regional government, basic services, and freedom of choice of ethnic identity. The new Bangsamoro Transition Authority established the Ministry of Indigenous People’s Affairs and named a minister in February 2019.^[2] As of December 2021, the BARMM parliament was yet to pass the Indigenous Peoples Code.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Murad vows a government ‘free of all the ills of governance;’ names 10 ministers, Minda News, February 27, 2019.

^[3] “BARMM starts consultations on draft local governance code,” Philippine News Agency, February 9, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1167423

2014

Minimum Implementation

In the General Framework of Agreement of Intent (1998) and Agreement on Peace (2001), both parties affirmed their commitment to observe the principles of human rights in accordance with the Charter of the UN and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 2014, extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances remained common in the Philippines. However, the scope and frequency of these abuses has declined since 2010 when Aquino took office. The year also saw strides towards accountability with investigations and arrests of human rights abusers.^[1]

The General Framework of Agreement of Intent, Agreement on Peace, GPH-MILF Decision Points, and Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro stipulates the respect for human rights in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft guarantees the following rights in Bangsamoro: right to life, dignity, freedom and expression of religion and beliefs, privacy, freedom of speech, express political opinion and pursue democratically political aspirations, seek constitutional change by peaceful legitimate means, of women to meaningful political participation and protection from violence, freely choose residence, equal opportunity and non-discrimination, establish cultural and religious associations, freedom from religious, ethnic and sectarian harassment, right to redress grievances and due process of law, and right to free public education in elementary and high school levels. ^[2]

It further called for respect for all human rights in accordance with international human rights and humanitarian standards: “The rights under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and other international humanitarian rights instruments shall be guaranteed by the Central Government and the Bangsamoro Government.” ^[3]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[4] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[5] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[6] [7]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.      

^[1] “World Report 2015: Philippines, Events of 2014,” Human Rights Watch, 2015.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 1.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 2.

^[4] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[5] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

In 2015, extrajudicial killings, child labor, torture, and disappearances remained common. The year also saw forced relocation and increased attacks against indigenous people by the military and paramilitary groups.^[2]

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

^[2] “Philippines: Events of 2015,” Human Rights Watch, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2]  In addition, the law obligates the Bangsamoro government to protect religious freedom,^[3] local customs,^[4] as well as labor organization and bargaining.^[5]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 5.

[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 4.

[5] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 10.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2] In addition, the law obligates the Bangsamoro Government to protect religious freedom,^[3] local customs,^[4] as well as labor organization and bargaining.^[5]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 5.

^[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 4.

^[5] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 10.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2]Additionally, the law obligates the Bangsamoro Government to protect religious freedom^[3] and local customs,^[4] as well as labor organization and bargaining.^[5]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 5.

^[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 4.

^[5] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 10.

2021

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019.^[1] The law established the Bangsamoro Human Rights Commission, with specific obligations to be decided by the regional parliament.^[2] The law also obligates the Bangsamoro government to protect religious freedom^[3] and local customs,^[4] as well as labor organization and bargaining.^[5]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 7.

^[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 5.

^[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 4.

^[5] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 10.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro and Annex on Power Sharing and Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro mandate the governance structure of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region and creation of a Bangsamoro political entity. On April 9, 2014, the MILF declared the formation of its political party the United Bangsamoro Justice Party.^[1] In November, the party vocalized its plans to finalize its organizational structure and ultimately register in the Commission on Elections.^[2]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provides for the creation, composition, and representation of legislative and executive authority of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region.^[3] The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[4] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[5] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[6] [7]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] “Philippine rebel group forms political party,” Deutsche Presse-Agentur, April 16, 2014.

^[2] “Philippines’ largest Muslim rebel to form political party for national election,” Xinhau General News Service, November 2, 2014.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article VII.

^[4] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[5] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

On May 6, the MILF registered its political party, the United Bangsamoro Justice Party (UBJP) with the Commission on Elections.^[1]

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[2] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines: MILF committed to parliamentary struggle,” Gulf News, May 11, 2015.

^[2] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1] The law established a democratic electoral process for the regional parliament, and outlined procedures for the selection of a Chief Minister.^{[2] [3]}

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IV, Sections 2 and 3.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IV, Section 4.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The United Bangsamoro Justice Party continued to be a legally registered political party and campaigned for the ratification of the BBL.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “MILF political party to focus on plebiscite, stay out of May 2019 polls, Philippines Star, October 8, 2018.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The United Bangsamoro Justice Party continued as a legally registered political party and campaigned for the ratification of the BBL.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “MILF political party to focus on plebiscite, stay out of May 2019 polls, Philippines Star, October 8, 2018.

2021

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The United Bangsamoro Justice Party, a political party of MILF, continued to be a legally registered political party and campaigned for the ratification of the BBL.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “MILF political party to focus on plebiscite, stay out of May 2019 polls, Philippines Star, October 8, 2018.

2014

Full Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro and Annex on Normalization call for multi-donor support for the implementation phase of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro.

In 2006, the World Bank initiated the Mindanao Trust Fund (MTF) and Reconstruction and Development Program with coordination from the Bangsamoro Development Agency. The MTF aims to consolidate international assistance to support the development of conflict-affected communities in Mindanao. In 2006, the fund attracted donations from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, in addition to World Bank donations, totaling 2.74 million USD .^[1] In 2007, the MTF accumulated  $6 million USD in donations from Australia, Canada, the European Commission, New Zealand, Sweden, and the World Bank.^[2] The same donors contributed a total of  8.3 million USD in 2008.^[3] With the addition of the United States to the list of donors, contributions in 2009 totaled  10.8 million USD,^[4]  13.3 million USD in 2010,^[5] and 15.8 million  USD in 2011,^[6]  16.3 million USD  in 2012,^[7] and  17.47 million USD in 2013.^[8] In 2014, with the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, support for the MTF expanded rapidly, receiving a total of  28.878 million USD from the EU, Sweden, Australia, Canada, the World Bank, the United States and New Zealand.^[9]

^[1] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2006, World Bank, 2007.

^[2] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2007, World Bank, 2008.

^[3] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2008, World Bank, 2009.

^[4] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2009, World Bank, 2010.

^[5] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2010, World Bank, 2011.

^[6] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2011, World Bank, 2012.

^[7] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2012, World Bank, 2013.

^[8] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2013, World Bank, 2014.

^[9] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2014, World Bank, 2015.

2015

Full Implementation

In 2015, the Mindanao Trust Fund (MTF) received a total of USD 28.8 million in donations from the European Union, Sweden, Australia, Canada, the World Bank, the United States, and New Zealand.^[1]

^[1] Mindanao Trust Fund reconstruction and development program : annual report 2015, World Bank, 2016.

2016

Full Implementation

On April 26, the EU and UNDP launched the Support Peace-Bangsamoro project to be implemented from 2016 to mid-2017, funded by 1.2 million euros from the EU. The UNDP will implement the project, which aims to build the capacity of local leaders and stakeholders on public administration and parliamentary processes.^[1]

As of June 30, the MTF has received a total of  27.78 million USD in 2016 from the EU, Sweden, Australia, Canada, the United States, the World Bank and New Zealand.^[2]

[1] “Former Philippine rebels swap guns for spanners,” Gulf News (UAE), April 28, 2016.

[2] World Bank. 2016. Mindanao Trust Fund: Progress Report Number 42. Washington, DC: World Bank.

2017

Full Implementation

The Support Peace-Bangsamoro project, which was initially scheduled to be implemented from 2016 to mid-2017, was extended to be implemented until December 31, 2018. In 2017, the project received a total of $1,090,202 in funding from the European Commission, Australia, and the UNDP.^[1]

The Mindanao Trust Fund (MTF) and Reconstruction and Development Program, which had previously coordinated with the Bangsamoro Development Agency beginning in 2006, formally closed on March 31, 2017.^[2]

Australia’s Partnership for Peace program pledged $12 million in support to maintain long-term stability and development in Mindanao between 2017-2022.^[3]

[1] “Support Peace-Bangsamoro”, United Nations Development Programme, October 31, 2017.

[2] Multi Donor Facility – Ph Mindanao Reconconstruction and Development Implementation Status and Results Reports, The World Bank, March 31, 2017.

[3] “Improving conditions for peace and stability in the Philippines,” Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2017.

2018

Full Implementation

In April 2018, the World Bank announced that the Mindanao Trust Fund for Reconstruction and Development would provide a 3.2 million USD development grant to the BDA, and that the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) would provide an additional 1 million Euro.According to the World Bank estimate, between 2006 and 2017, the Mindanao Trust Fund financed projects that had provided “clean water, better roads, and more post-harvest facilities and access to farming and fishing equipment” to nearly 650,000 people.^[1]

[1] “New funding for Mindanao Trust Fund to strengthen peace and development in southern Philippines,”  The World Bank, April 10, 2018.

2019

Full Implementation

Donors continued to provide support for the development of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 2019.  In June, the Government of Japan provided a 200 million USD loan for road development.^[1] In November, the United States provided 1 billion pesos for programs, including health funding.^[2] The Australian Government allocated 12 billion AUD in aid for the Bangsamoro from 2017 to 2020.^[3]

^[1] “Japan to fund Mindanao road network development project,” Government of the Philippines, June 19, 2019, https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/japan-fund-mindanao-road-network-development-project

^[2] “US pledges P1-B aid to Bangsamoro region,” Philippines Dailly Inquirer, November 24, 2019.

^[3] “Envoy: Aussie education aid in Bangsamoro continuous, Business Mirror, October 3, 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

On February 17, 2020, the government of Japan and the United Nations Populations Fund held a donor conference where they promised continued support for the process.^[1]

^[1] “International partners reaffirm commitment to support BARMM,” February 19, 2020, Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/2020/02/international-partners-reaffirm-commitment-to-support-barmm/

2021

Full Implementation

In May 2021, the Bangsamoro government, the Office of the Presidential Advisor on the Peace Process, and the World Bank virtually launched the Bangsamoro Normalization Trust Fund (BNTF). This multicolor trust fund supports the normalization process.^[1] Further, in its meeting in February 2021, the Intergovernmental Fiscal Policy Board (IFPB) cleared rules under which the BARMM would be able to deal with foreign donors directly after obtaining approval from the Department of Finance.^[2]

^[1] “GPH-MILF, WB put up Bangsamoro Normalization Trust Fund,” Philippine News Agency, May 21, 2021. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1141013

^[2] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022.

2014

Full Implementation

The Annex on Normalization calls for the Joint Normalization Committee to perform a dispute resolution function to address any conflict that arises during the implementation period. In 2014, the Joint Normalization Committee was formed with a broad mandate of coordinating and monitoring implementation procedures,^[1] and was additionally tasked with managing and resolving disputes that may arise during execution.^[2]

^[1] “Philippine gov’t, MILF create normalization bodies,” Xinhua General News Service, May 6, 2014.

^[2] Terms of Reference for the Joint Normalization Committee, March 22, 2014.

2015

Full Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2016

Full Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

Full Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Full Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

Full Implementation

No additional developments observed this year.

2019

Full Implementation

The Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

The Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2020.

2021

Full Implementation

The Joint Normalization Committee continued to operate in 2021.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro and Annex on Normalization included in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro address the reduction and control of weapons. On May 6, 2014, the government and MILF announced the creation of the International Decommissioning Body, which is charged with decommissioning MILF forces and weapons, and is composed of three foreign and four local experts nominated by the Philippine government and the MILF. ^[1] In September, the government, MILF, and foreign experts of the Independent Decommissioning Body (IDB) met to discuss the initiation of the disarmament process.^[2] The IDB began taking inventory of firearms and scheduled a symbolic weapons turnover in January 2015 to begin the disarmament process. At the initial turnover, the MILF had to surrender 75 functional firearms.^[3]

^[1] “Philippine gov’t, MILF create normalization bodies,” Xinhua General News Service, May 6, 2014.

^[2] “Philippines, MILF meet to start disarmament process,” Anadolu Agency, September 28, 2014.

^[3] “Philippines peace process decommissioning set for January,” Anadolu Agency, December 3, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

On January 29, the MILF and Philippine Government finalized and signed the Protocol on the Implementation of the Terms of Reference of the Independent Decommissioning Body (IDB).^[1] In addition to delineating the specific decommissioning and verification tasks to be undertaken by the IDB, the Protocol outlined a four-phase process in which, by the end of phase four, all MILF weapons, arms, and combatants would be decommissioned.^[2]

On June 16, the first phase of the decommissioning of MILF weapons and combatants began in Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao. The MILF turned over 55 high-powered weapons and 20 crew-served weapons to the IDB.^[3]

^[1] “Philippines government, rebel group sign pact to decommission firearms,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 31, 2015.

^[2] Protocol on the Implementation of the Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Independent Decommissioning Body (IDB). January 25, 2015.

^[3] “Philippine rebels begin process of giving up arms,” BBC Worldwide Monitoring, June 16, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

Minimum Implementation

No disarmament was observed this year. The fact that the MILF conducted ongoing military operations against other militant groups in the region indicates that much of MILF forces remained armed throughout 2017.^[1]

[1] “Philippines troops, rebels team up against Marawi militants,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 7, 2017.

2018

Minimum Implementation

No additional developments observed this year.

2019

Minimum Implementation

Phase two of the demobilization process included the disarmament of demobilized MILF fighters. On September 7^th, 2019, one thousand MILF fighters were demobilized and disarmed.^[1]

^[1] “Handing over weapons: M.I.L.F combatants commit to peace in the Bangsamoro,” Norwegian Refugee Council, October 7, 2019, https://www.nrc.no/expert-deployment/2016/2019/handing-over-weapons/

2020

Minimum Implementation

Limited disarmament of former MILF combatants continued in 2020. On February 18^th, the Bangsamoro government reported that 106 MILF combatants went through decommissioning by the Independent Decommissioning Body (IDB).^[1]

^[1] “Phase II of MILF-BIAF decommissioning resumed,” February 19, 2020, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Bureau of Public Information, https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/latest-news/phase-ii-of-milf-biaf-decommissioning-resumed/

2021

Minimum Implementation

Limited disarmament of former MILF combatants continued in 2021. After 75 weapons were collected from 145 combatants who participated in the first round of the decommissioning process, 2,100 weapons were collected from 12,000 combatants in the second round, completed in March 2020. The Independent Decommissioning Body started the third round of the decommissioning process in November 2021 with the target of decommissioning 14,000 combatants. Still, the number of weapons to be collected from these combatants is not available. ^[1]

^[1] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022; “Decommissioning process delayed by 21,000 MILF combatants – Galvez,” Rappler, September 15, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/nation/carlito-galvez-jr-says-decommissioning-delayed-by-thousands-milf-combatants/

2014

Intermediate Implementation

The Agreement on the General Framework on the Resumption of Peace Talks, the Agreement on Peace, the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, the Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, and the Annex on Normalization (all included in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro) stipulate that all parties prioritize socio-economic development and actively launch initiatives in pursuit of this objective.

The MILF created the Bangsamoro Development Agency (BDA) in 2002 which launched development initiatives in the Bangsamoro region in accordance with the 2001 Agreement on Peace between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, which was reaffirmed by the 2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro. With support from the Mindanao Trust Fund (MTF), the BDA implemented 53 projects between 2006 and 2009. In 2009, the BDA announced the launch of 36 additional development projects. In May 2011, the Bangsamoro Development Agency expanded its service to include the provinces of Sulu and Tawi-Tawi.^[1] In 2014, the BDA implemented programs on peacebuilding, social welfare, economic development, education, health, environmental advocacy, and capacity building and strengthening.^[2]

In 2013, the Bangsamoro Development Agency and the Japan International Cooperation Agency, with support from the Philippine government, began a comprehensive capacity development project in the Bangsamoro. In 2014, the Bansamoro Development Agency launched the Bangsamoro Development Plan, charged with implementing strategies and recommendations for socio-economic development with both a medium- and long-term vision.^[3]

The Sajahatra Bangsamoro Program was developed in February 2013 as a joint MILF-GPH endeavor tasked with improving development in the Bangsamoro specifically with respect to health, education, and living conditions.^[4]

^[1] Philippines: Moro’s development arm to expand operation to Sulu, Tawi-Tawi,” BBC Worldwide Monitoring, May 24, 2011.

^[2] Bangsamoro Development Agency Annual Report 2014, Bangsamoro Development Agency, 2014.

^[3] Bangsamoro Development Agency Annual Report 2014, Bangsamoro Development Agency, 2014.

^[4] “DA crafting socioeconomic program for Bangsamoro,” Business Mirror, March 27, 2014..

2015

Intermediate Implementation

In 2015, the Bangsamoro Development Agency continued to initiate and operate programs related to peacebuilding, health, social welfare, education, economic development, environmental management, youth development, and capacity building and strengthening.  Implementation and expansion of the Bangsamoro Development Plan continued.^[1] Operations of the Sajahatra Bangsamoro Program also continued in 2015.^[2]

^[1] BDA. 2015. BDA Accomplishments 2015.

^[2] “Aquino vows more ‘Bangsamoro’ aid,” Manila Times, February 19, 2016.

2016

Intermediate Implementation

In 2016, the Bangsamoro Development Agency continued to initiate and operate programs in the region. Operations of the Sajahatra Bangsamoro Program also continued in 2016.^[1] In June 2016, the Japan International Cooperation Agency completed a development plan for the Bangsamoro region called the Bangsamoro Development Plan 2, which outlines strategies for future development assistance and identifies a total of 81 proposed projects that may be funded by interested agencies.^[2]

[1] “Aquino vows more ‘Bangsamoro’ aid,” Manila Times, February 19, 2016.

[2] “Japan agency completes development plan for Philippines’ Bangsamoro region,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, June 29, 2016.

2017

Intermediate Implementation

In 2017, the Bangsamoro Development Agency continued to operate, although limited information was available on the specific programs conducted throughout the year. No developments on the Sajahatra Bangsamoro Program were observed in 2017.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The Bangsamoro Development Agency (BDA) continued to operate in 2018.  In April 2018, the World Bank announced that the Mindanao Trust Fund for Reconstruction and Development would provide a 3.2 million USD development grant to the BDA, and that the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) would provide an additional 1 million Euro. According to the World Bank estimate, between 2006 and 2017, the Mindanao Trust Fund financed projects that had provided “clean water, better roads, and more post-harvest facilities and access to farming and fishing equipment” to nearly 650,000 people.^[1] In addition, the BBL required the central government to provide a special development fund to the Bangsamoro government, in part for development.^[2]

[1] “New funding for Mindanao Trust Fund to strengthen peace and development in southern Philippines,”  The World Bank, April 10, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article XIV, Section 2.

2019

Full Implementation

The Bangsamoro Development Agency continued to operate in 2019.  On November 30, 2019, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority passed a 66 billion peso budget for the new Bangsamoro Autonomous Region.^[1] The national government also announced a 10-year block grant to the region.^[2]

^[1] “PhP 65.6-B budget for Bangsamoro 2020 approved; Education gets the biggest chunk,” December 1, 2019, Minda News.

^[2] “Neda: Special fund to unlock potential of Bangsamoro Region,” Business Mirror, August 20, 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

The Bangsamoro Development Agency continued to operate in 2020.

2021

Full Implementation

The Bangsamoro Development Agency continued to operate in 2021.

2014

No Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro and Annex on Normalization mandated decommissioning of MILF forces. On May 6, 2014, the government and MILF announced the creation of the International Decommissioning Body, which is charged with decommissioning MILF forces and weapons, and is composed of three foreign and four local experts nominated by the Philippine government and MILF. ^[1] However, demobilization did not begin until 2015.^[2]

^[1] “Philippine gov’t, MILF create normalization bodies,” Xinhua General News Service, May 6, 2014.

^[2] “Philippine rebels begin process of giving up arms,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, June 16, 2015.

2015

Minimum Implementation

On January 29, the MILF and Philippine Government finalized and signed the Protocol on the Implementation of the Terms of Reference of the Independent Decommissioning Body (IDB).^[1] In addition to delineating the specific decommissioning and verification tasks to be undertaken by the IDB, the Protocol outlined a four-phase process in which, by the end of phase four, all MILF weapons, arms, and combatants would be decommissioned.^[2]

On June 16, the first phase of the decommissioning of MILF weapons and combatants began in Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao. The MILF turned over 145 members of the MILF’s armed wing—the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BILF)—who will return to civilian life.^[3]

^[1] “Philippines government, rebel group sign pact to decommission firearms,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 31, 2015.

^[2] Protocol on the Implementation of the Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Independent Decommissioning Body (IDB). January 25, 2015.

^[3] “Philippine rebels begin process of giving up arms,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, June 16, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

Minimum Implementation

No demobilization was observed this year. The fact that the MILF conducted ongoing military operations against other militant groups in the region indicates that much of MILF forces remained mobilized throughout 2017.^[1]

[1] “Philippines troops, rebels team up against Marawi militants,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 7, 2017.

2018

Minimum Implementation

Despite the passage of the BBL on July 26, 2018, several reports indicated that the MILF would not fully demobilize an estimated 11,000 fighters unless the BBL was fully implemented.^{[1] [2]}  There are no reports of new demobilizations or weapons surrenders as of September 5, 2018.

[1] “Passage of Mindanao autonomous region law improves outlook for demobilising Islamist militants in southern Philippines,” HIS Insights, July 25, 2018.

[2] “BBL will not bring lasting peace in Mindanao,” Economist Intelligence Unit, July 17, 2018.

2019

Minimum Implementation

Phase two of the demobilization process was initiated on September 7^th, 2019, when one thousand additional fighters were demobilized.^[1] Twelve thousand MILF fighters were scheduled to be decommissioned in 2019; however, no additional demobilizations were reported.^[2]

^[1] “Handing over weapons: M.I.L.F combatants commit to peace in the Bangsamoro,” Norwegian Refugee Council, October 7, 2019, https://www.nrc.no/expert-deployment/2016/2019/handing-over-weapons/

^[2] “Decommissioning of 12,000 MILF members may be finished by November,” April 25, 2019, Minda News.

2020

Minimum Implementation

Limited demobilization of former MILF combatants continued in 2020. On February 18^th, the Bangsamoro government reported that 106 MILF combatants went through decommissioning by the Independent Decommissioning Body (IDB).^[1]

^[1] “Phase II of MILF-BIAF decommissioning resumed,” February 19, 2020, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Bureau of Public Information, https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/latest-news/phase-ii-of-milf-biaf-decommissioning-resumed/

2021

Minimum Implementation

The MILF committed to demobilizing 40,000 combatants. In 2015, 145 combatants were demobilized in a ceremonial function in the first phase. The second phase took place in 2019, involving the demobilization of 12,000 combatants. The third phase involving the demobilization of 14,000 started in November 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and budget, only 7,000 combatants were expected to be demobilized in 2021. The remaining 21,000 MILF combatants will go through the decommissioning process, which is expected to be completed in 2024.^[1]

^[1] “Seventh Public Report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, January 2022; “Decommissioning process delayed by 21,000 MILF combatants – Galvez,” Rappler, September 15, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/nation/carlito-galvez-jr-says-decommissioning-delayed-by-thousands-milf-combatants/

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Government of the Philippines (GPH)-MILF Decision Points, Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Annex on Transitional Arrangements and Modalities, Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, Annex on Power Sharing agreements, and the final Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro stipulate decentralization processes and delineation of power between the central and Bangsamoro governments on issues related to political and fiscal jurisdiction.

President Aquino issued an executive order on December 17, 2012 creating the Transition Commission, which was charged with drafting the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL). The Commission is composed of 15 members, 8 of which are chosen by the MILF and 7 of which are chosen by the government.^[1]

On April 15, 2014, the Bangsamoro Transition Commission submitted the draft Bangsamoro Basic Law.^[2] The BBL called for the creation of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region and provided for the new entity’s political structure and delineated powers to the Philippine and Bangsamoro government in the form of reserved, concurrent, and exclusive powers. It delineates the transfer of authority of Bangsamoro historical and cultural sites from the central government to the Bangsamoro government^[3] and for fiscal autonomy of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region from the central government.^[4] The BBL outlines management of all natural resources as a power exclusive to the Bangsamoro government. ^[5]

On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[6] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[7] [8]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] “Philippine president forms Transition Commission to draft Bangsamoro basic law,” Xinhua General News Service, December 17, 2012.

^[2] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 21.

^[4] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article XII.

^[5] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article V, Section 3.

^[6] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[8] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1]  The law created the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, delineated the powers of the Bangsamoro Government^[2] and created the Intergovernmental Relations Mechanism to manage the relationship between the central and regional governments.^[3]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article V, Section 2.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 2.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The 80-member Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA) was sworn in on February 22, 2019. The BTA is responsible for the governance of the newly created Bangsamoro Autonomous Region until elections are held in 2022.^[2] In December, the BTA noted that work had begun on seven bills that would serve as a legal basis for the new government.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “From ARMM to BARMM: Transition government to be the voice of Bangsamoro aspirations,” Philippine Information Agency, February 24, 2019.

^[3] “Bagsamoro government fast tracks 7 priority bills,” Philippine Information Agency, December 4, 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] The 80-member Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA) was sworn in on February 22, 2019.  The BTA is responsible for the governance of the newly created Bangsamoro Autonomous Region until elections are held in 2022.^[2] In December, the BTA noted that work had begun on seven bills that would serve as a legal basis for the new government.^[3]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “From ARMM to BARMM: Transition government to be the voice of Bangsamoro aspirations,” Philippine Information Agency, February 24, 2019.

^[3] “Bagsamoro government fast tracks 7 priority bills,” Philippine Information Agency, December 4, 2019.

2021

Full Implementation

With the passage of the Bangsamoro Basic Law in January 2019 and the establishment of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA) sworn in February 2019, the BARMM is functioning as an autonomous region. The BTA chief and MILF leader Murad Ebrahim asked for more time to implement the BBL for delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The BTA had priority legislation, including the administrative, revenue, electoral, local government, education, civil service, and Indigenous Peoples Codes. The BTA passed only the administrative, civil service, and education codes.^[1] Therefore, the initially scheduled election was postponed until 2025 after the Philippine president signed Republic Act No. 11593 on October 29, 2021.^[2]

^[1] “BARMM starts consultations on draft local governance code,” Philippine News Agency, February 9, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1167423

^[2] “Duterte resets BARMM elections to 2025,” Philippine News Agency,  October 29, 2021. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1158190

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, included in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, stipulates the recognition and protection of the Bangsamoro identity, cultural associations, community traditions and customary justice. The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft provided for protection of the beliefs and traditions of the Bangsamoro people,^[1] and guarantees the right to establish cultural and religious associations.^[2] It mandates the creation of a Bangsamoro commission for the preservation of cultural heritage^[3] and the establishment of cultural institutions and projects.^[4]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[5] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[6] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[7] [8]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in  .

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 5.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 1.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 19.

^[4] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article IX, Section 20.

^[5] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[6] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[8] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1]  The BBL provided protection for indigenous customs and legal systems,^[2] customary rights,^[3] and religious freedoms.^[4]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 3.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 4.

[4] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IX, Section 5.

2019

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] In December, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority noted that work had begun on seven bills that would serve as a legal basis for the new government, including an Indigenous Peoples Code.  However, as of December 2019, this bill had not been passed.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Bagsamoro government fast tracks 7 priority bills,” Philippine Information Agency, December 4, 2019.

2020

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] In December, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority noted that work had begun on seven bills that would serve as a legal basis for the new government, including an Indigenous Peoples Code. However, as of February 24, 2020, this bill had not been passed.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Bagsamoro government fast tracks 7 priority bills,” Philippine Information Agency, December 4, 2019.

2021

Intermediate Implementation

In 2019, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority noted that work had begun on seven bills that would serve as a legal basis for the new government, including an Indigenous Peoples Code. The BARMM parliament was yet to pass the bill as of December 2021.^[1]

^[1] “BARMM starts consultations on draft local governance code,” Philippine News Agency, February 9, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1167423

2014

No Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro and the Annex on Transitional Arrangements and Modalities required the creation of a Transition Commission responsible for amending the Philippine Constitution to be consistent with the agreements.

No developments observed this year.

2015

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2016

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2017

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2018

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2019

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2020

No Implementation

No developments observed this year.

2021

No Implementation

It is reported that the working group was formed to draft constitutional amendments to be submitted to the Philippine Congress. However, no significant progress has been reported.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Annex on Power Sharing, reaffirmed by the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, mandated Bangsamoro representation in national government offices and the creation of a civil service in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft included language providing for Bangsamoro civil service law to “govern the conduct of civil servants, the qualification for non-elective positions, adopt the merit and fitness system, and protect civil service eligible in various government positions, including government-owned and/or controlled corporations with original charters, in the Bangsamoro. The Bangsamoro Government shall have primary disciplinary authority over its own officials and employees.” ^[1]

The BBL also provided for Bangsamoro participation in the central government: “It shall be the policy of the Central Government to appoint competent and qualified inhabitants of the Bangsamoro in the following offices in the Central Government: at least one (1) Cabinet Secretary; at least one (1) in each of the other departments, offices and bureaus, holding executive, primarily confidential, highly technical, policy-determining positions; and one (1) Commissioner in each of the constitutional bodies.” ^[2]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[3] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the MILF submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[4] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[5] [6]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article V, Section 2.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article VI, Section 9.

^[3] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[4] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[5] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

In 2017, the BBL was not passed by Congress.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The BBL was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1]  The law included provisions requiring the Bangsamoro government’s representation in the National Government “as far as practicable.”^[2]  The law also required the Bangsamoro government to enact a civil service law to “govern the conduct of civil servants, the qualifications for nonelective positions, adopt the merit and fitness system, and protect civil service eligible in various government positions, including government-owned or controlled corporations.”^[3]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article VI, Section 11.

[3] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article V, Section 39.

2019

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] In December, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority noted that work had begun on a Civil Service Code, but as of December 18, 2019, this had not been passed.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Bagsamoro government fast tracks 7 priority bills,” Philippine Information Agency, December 4, 2019.

2020

Intermediate Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. ^[1] In December, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority noted that work had begun on a Civil Service Code, but as of February 24, 2020, this had not been passed.^[2]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

^[2] “Bagsamoro government fast tracks 7 priority bills,” Philippine Information Agency, December 4, 2019.

2021

Full Implementation

On 24 February 2021, the BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) parliament approved the Bangsamoro Civil Service Code. The Code became effective within 15 days after the publication.^[1]

^[1] “BARMM parliament approves civil service code,” Philippine News Agency. 25 February 2021. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1131837

2014

Intermediate Implementation

The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) was signed in March 2014, reaffirming the 1997 Agreement for General Cessation of Hostilities. In the two years after the agreement, violent outbreaks between the government and MILF forces were relatively rare, however, in 2000, conflict escalated dramatically due to government offensives resulting in roughly 1,055 combatant deaths. Between 2001 and 2011, the ceasefire failed to prevent violations, but confrontations were of minor intensity. Between 2012 and 2013, the ceasefire was respected by both the MILF and the government.^[1]

Since the signing of the CAB, there were no official clashes between government forces and the MILF in 2014. However, accidental confrontations were occasional. In April, the MILF reported government attacks on its fighters, although it remains unclear if MILF forces were targeted intentionally.^[2] These instances were reported to the International Monitoring Team (IMT) and investigated by the ceasefire committees of the Philippine government and MILF.^[3] In July, government soldiers and MILF forces clashed in the southern Philippines, killing 2 and wounding 4. Reports suggest that government forces were on a routine patrol in Marantao, Lanao del Sur when MILF soldiers opened fire.^{[4], [5]} Later that month, the MILF reported large-scale movements by the government forces, including troops clad in full battle gear and backed by tanks. The government denied that these forces were acting on central orders, and the Coordinating Committee on the Cessation of Hostilities (CCCH) and Ad Hoc Joint Action Group were unaware of mass deployment or movement.^{[6], [7], [8]}

^[1] “UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia,” Uppsala Conflict Data Program – Uppsala University Department of Peace and Conflict Research.

^[2] “Philippine military accused of attacking MILF fighters,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[3] “Philippine military accused of attacking MILF fighters,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[4] “2 killed, 4 wounded in S. Philippine ambush,” Xinhua General News Service, July 12, 2014.

^[5] “Two killed, four wounded in gun fight between Philippines army, Moro rebels,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, July 13, 2014.

^[6] “MILF accuses Philippines gov’t of ceasefire violations,” Anadolu Agency, July 26, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine rebels accuse government forces of violating truce,” Xinhua General News Service, July 26, 2014.

^[8] “Philippine Moro rebels accuse military of violating ceasefire,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, July 29, 2014.

2015

Intermediate Implementation

MILF and government police clashed on January 25 after the national police force entered a MILF and Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighter (BIFF) community without coordinating with the joint government and rebel ceasefire panel, ^[1]  resulting in approximately 50 casualties. ^{[2], [3]} An investigation by the International Monitoring Team (IMT) followed the incident, which concluded in April that both the government and MILF forces were at fault for violating the ceasefire.^[4] In March, the government complained of a new MILF training facility in a remote village in Iligan City as well as renewed recruitment activity by the group.^[5] On September 9, MILF members were reportedly involved in an attack on the village of Lutanyan, Sultan Kudarat province over a long-standing land dispute. MILF leadership responded that the incident was an isolated case and MILF as an organization was not involved at all.^[6]

^[1] “30 policemen killed in S. Philippines firefight,” Xinhua General News Service, January 25, 2015.

^[2] “Philippines peace deal stalled as 50 police killed,” Anadolu Agency, January 26, 2015.

^[3] “Philippines president admits lack of coordination during anti-rebel police raid,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 28, 2015.

^[4] “Philippine police, rebels violated ceasefire, says monitors,” Times of Oman, April 6, 2015.

^[5] “Philippines army hits rebel camp, recruitment in south,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, March 23, 2015.

^[6] “Philippines: MILF members suspected of attack on town,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2015.

2016

Full Implementation

As of September 17, 2016, the terms of the ceasefire have been upheld.  The government and MILF coordinated ongoing military operations against other militant groups to ensure group movements did not violate the terms of the ceasefire. ^[1]

[1] “Philippine gov’t working closely with MILF on operations against terrorists: Official,” Xinhau General News Service, February 28, 2016

2017

Full Implementation

As of November 24, 2017, the terms of the ceasefire have been upheld in 2017. However, activity by radical Islamic militant groups in Bangsamoro increased in 2017. The MILF continued to conduct military operations against these groups throughout the year in coordination with government military operations.^[1]

[1] “Philippines troops, rebels team up against Marawi militants,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 7, 2017.

2018

Full Implementation

No ceasefire violations were observed as of September 4, 2018.

2019

Full Implementation

In March, the Third Party Monitoring Team reported that the ceasefire continued to hold.^[1]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

No ceasefire violations were observed in the first two months of 2020.

2021

Full Implementation

No ceasefire violations were observed in the first two months of 2020.

2014

Minimum Implementation

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, the Annex on Transitional Arrangements and Modalities, and the Addendum on the Bangsamoro Waters included in the Comprehensive agreement on the Bangsamoro outline the territorial and maritime demarcation of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. The Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) draft contained language for the official boundary demarcation of the territorial Bangsamoro Autonomous Region,^[1] ownership of inland waters ^[2] and water boundary demarcation. ^[3]

The Bangsamoro Basic Law draft was first presented to President Aquino in April 2014, ^[4] to be submitted and approved by Congress. On August 20, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) submitted a final draft of the BBL to President Aquino,^[5] which he submitted to Congress on September 10.^{[6] [7]} Though Congress immediately began reviewing the BBL, the bill failed to pass in 2014.

^[1] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article 3, Section 2.

^[2] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article 3, Section 4.

^[3] Bangsamoro Basic Law: House Bill No. 4994. Article 3, Section 5.

^[4] “Philippines to fast-track review of draft Bangsamoro Basic Law,” Xinhua General News Service, April 15, 2014.

^[5] “Final Bangsamoro Basic Law submitted to Philippine President,” Xinhua General News Service, August 21, 2014.

^[6] “Philippine president submits law on Muslim south to Congress,” Anadolu Agency, September 10, 2014.

^[7] “Philippine report gives details of draft autonomy bill submitted by president,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 11, 2014.

2015

Minimum Implementation

Discussions on the Bangsamoro Basic Law initially stalled after clashes with the MILF and government police forces on January 25.^[1] In 2015, Congress deliberated changes to the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) but failed to pass the law in 2015.

^[1] “Philippines suspends autonomy discussions after rebels kill policemen,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 26, 2015.

2016

Minimum Implementation

Congress adjourned in early February, 2016 without approving the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL).^[1] The BBL was not passed in 2016.

[1] “Philippine leader to talk shelved Bangsamoro law at ASEAN,” Anadolu Agency, February 15, 2016.

2017

Minimum Implementation

The drafting process of a new version of the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) continued in 2017. The Bangsamoro Transition Commission submitted its 2017 draft to President Duterte on July 17, 2017.^[1] In August, the proposed bill had been submitted to leadership in the House and the Senate,^[2] and was proposed as a draft bill in the Senate. President Duterte voiced support for the bill and urged its passage within a year. As of November 24, 2017, the bill has not passed.^[3]

[1] “BTC submits new BBL to Duterte,” Bangsamoro Transition Commission, July 18, 2018.

[2] “BBL now in Congress,” Bangsamoro Transition Commission, August 18, 2017.

[3] “Philippines’ Duterte vows to push for ‘Bangsamoro country,’” Xinhua General News Service, July 17, 2017.

2018

Intermediate Implementation

The Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) was signed into law by President Duterte on July 26, 2018.^[1]  The signed law defined the territorial and maritime jurisdiction of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, conditional on a successful plebiscite.^[2]

[1] “President signs Bangsamoro Organic Law,” Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports, July 30, 2018.

[2] “Republic Act No. 11054,” Article IV and XV.

2019

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. Subsequently, a plebiscite on the inclusion of additional territory was held on February 6, 2019.^[1]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2020

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. Subsequently, a plebiscite on the inclusion of additional territory was held on February 6, 2019.^[1]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.

2021

Full Implementation

A plebiscite ratified the Bangsamoro Basic Law on January 21, 2019. Subsequently, a plebiscite on the inclusion of additional territory was held on February 6, 2019.^[1]

^[1] “Fifth public report,” Third Party Monitoring Team, March 11, 2019.