Townsville Peace Agreement

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2009.

No Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita was signed in 2009.

In 2009, the Road Improvement (Sector) Project continued work in institutional capacity building and infrastructure rehabilitation. Some roads in Malaita and Temotu were completed in 2009.^[1]

In 2009, the Asian Development Bank approved and granted funding for the Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project, which aimed to rehabilitate and maintain roads and bridges across the Solomon Islands, particularly Guadalcanal and Malaita. However, construction did not commence during this year. The scheduled completion date was March 31, 2012.^[2]

In 2009, the Solomon Islands expended a total of $88,428,142 in education development and $56,825,361 in health development, largely from international assistance from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the EU, and UNICEF. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $7,204,624.66 to fund health services in Guadalcanal and $229,788.36 to fund education services in Guadalcanal. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $16,430,067.51 to fund health services in Malaita and $324,420.40 to fund education services in Malaita.^[3]

[1] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

[2] Solomon Islands: Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2015.

[3] Solomon Islands Public Expenditure Database, 2006-2016, World Bank.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2008.

No Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the conflicting parties in 2008 to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita.

The Asian Development Bank Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project was judged to be 99% complete in February 2008. Sealed road rehabilitation objectives were 105% achieved, gravel road rehabilitation objectives were 94% achieved, bridge rehabilitation objectives were 100% achieved, provincial building rehabilitation objectives were 100% achieved and water supply improvement was completed.^[1]

In 2008, the Road Improvement (Sector) Project continued work in project management and institutional capacity building. In late 2008, the project initiated physical work on infrastructure.^[2]

In 2008, the Solomon Islands expended a total of $111,889,366 in education development and $57,346,872 in health development, coming from international assistance coming from international assistance from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the EU, China, and the World Bank. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $7,065,568.52 to fund health services in Guadalcanal and $87,849.83 to fund education services in Guadalcanal. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $16,482,987.90 to fund health services in Malaita and $93,504.70 to fund education services in Malaita.^[3]

^[1] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

^[2] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

^[3] Solomon Islands Public Expenditure Database, 2006-2016, World Bank.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2007.

No Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the conflicting parties in 2007 to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita.

The Asian Development Bank Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project experienced minor delays due to flooding from Cyclone Becky in March 2007, land ownership issues, and delays in procuring materials. However, by October 2007, the project was 96% completed.^[1]

The Road Improvement (Sector) Project grant agreement became effective on February 15, 2007. In 2007, the project launched initiatives in project management, institutional strengthening and capacity building.^[2]

In 2007, the Solomon Islands expended a total of $125,117,142 in education development and $54,955,004 in health development from international assistance from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the EU, China, and the World Bank. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $6,192,874.56 to fund health services in Guadalcanal but $0 to fund education services in Guadalcanal. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $13,130,759.85 to fund health services in Malaita but $0 to fund education services in Malaita.^[3]

^[1] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

^[2] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

^[3] Solomon Islands Public Expenditure Database, 2006-2016, World Bank.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2006.

In 2006, no Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties was signed to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita.

In April 2006, construction was delayed for 2 months due to riots in Honiara. The project also faced efficiency problems due to poor project management and militant interference. However, the project manager was promptly replaced and the Asian Development Bank estimated that the construction should be completed by April 2007.^[1]

In 2006, the Asian Development Bank signed a grant agreement for the separate Road Improvement (Sector) Project. The objectives included road rehabilitation projects in Malaita, Temotu, Guadalcanal, Honiara, and Makira, as well as institutional capacity building to ensure the long-term maintenance of Solomon Islands infrastructure. The estimated completion date was December 31, 2010.^[2]

In 2006, the Solomon Islands expended $62,216,577 in education development and $74,248,738 in health development from international assistance from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the EU, China, and the World Bank. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $5,058,339 to fund health services in Guadalcanal, but $0 to fund education services in Guadalcanal. The Solomon Islands Government allocated $11,366,620.75 to fund health services in Malaita, but $0 to fund education services in Malaita.^[3]

^[1] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

^[2] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

^[3] Solomon Islands Public Expenditure Database, 2006-2016, World Bank.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2005.

No Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita was signed in 2005.

Physical works on the Asian Development Bank Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project began in September 2005.^[1]

No information on health and education development projects or expenditures available for 2005.

^[1] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2004.

No Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita was signed in 2004.

The Asian Development Bank reactivated the Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project in January 2004. Throughout the year, the project manager updated the inception reports to include any relevant changes in costs and priorities since the suspension in 2002. However, no physical work began in 2004.^[1]

No information on health and education development projects or expenditures available for 2004.

^[1] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2003.

No Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita was signed in 2003.

No information on health and education development projects or expenditures available for 2003.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2002.

No Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita was signed in 2002.

The Asian Development Bank Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, which had been scheduled to begin in 2001, was initiated briefly in 2002. Consultants began preparing reports to begin construction in January 2002 and published an inception report in May 2002. However, the Asian Development Bank suspended operations in the Solomon Islands and consultants withdrew in 2002.^[1]

No information on health and education development projects or expenditures available for 2002.

^[1] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2001.

No Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita was signed in 2001.

In 2001, several projects related to development and reconstruction were initiated. However, given the financial constraints of the Solomon Islands Government, these were largely funded externally. In January 2001, an Asian Development Bank launched the Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project. It was specifically allocated to repair roads in Honiara, West Guadalcanal, East Guadalcanal, and Malaita, bridges in East Guadalcanal, West Guadalcanal and Malaita, as well as the rehabilitation of provincial buildings and water supplies. The scheduled date of completion was December 31, 2003. However, the initiation of the projects was delayed and did not occur in 2001.^[1]

No information on health and education development projects or expenditures available for 2001.

^[1] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the Solomon Islands Government to provide development assistance to the Malaitan Provincial Government for the decentralization and restructure of the National Provident Fund (within 6 months of signing) to increase contributions to Malaita. No amendments to the National Provident Fund were made in 2000.

The agreement further stipulated increasing investment in health, education and infrastructure projects in Malaita and Guadalcanal provinces. No significant development projects in Malaita and Guadalcanal provinces were initiated in 2000.

In addition, the TPA called for a Memorandum of Understanding between the conflicting parties to ascertain development incentives for Guadalcanal and Malaita, including SIG loans and grants. No such memorandum was signed in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement established the Peace Monitoring Council (PMC), charged with reporting on and enforcing the terms of the agreement. It further stipulated the creation of an International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) to assist the PMC for at least two years following the agreement. The IPMT was established in November 2000. Led by Australia, the IPMT was initially comprised of 34 Australians and 14 New Zealanders.^[1]

[1] “Eight New Zealand peace monitors to leave for Solomons 25^th November,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 27, 200.

The Peace Monitoring Council and International Peace Monitoring Team continued operations in 2001.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2002. The International Peace Monitoring Team concluded its mission on June 25, 2002.^[1]

^[1] “Australia, New Zealand hail work of departing Solomons monitors,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 25, 2002.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2003.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2004.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2005.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2006.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2007.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2008.

The Peace Monitoring Council continued operations in 2009.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. On April 29, 2009, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (which had been established in August 2008) officially launched.^[1] It began implementing tasks of conducting research into events of the conflict, executing public hearings and collecting public statements about incidents of violence.^[2]

[1] “Tutu warns Solomon Islanders reconciliation no easy task,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, April 29, 2009.

[2] Solomon Islands Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report, Solomon Islands Truth and Reconciliation Commission, February 2012.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness (within 60 days of signing). On August 28, 2008, the National Parliament passed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Act which established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission tasked with investigating and reporting on the root causes and consequences of the conflict, particularly violations of human rights and abuses perpetrated and accrued by all conflicting parties to the violent conflict with the goal of national reconciliation.^[1]

^[1] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission Act 2008 (No. 5 of 208), National Parliament of the Solomon Islands, August 28, 2008.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the Solomon Islands Government to compensate victims of the conflict for loss of lives, property, employment or investment. No efforts towards compensation were observed in this year.

The Solomon Islands Government began issuing compensation to victims of conflict on July 24, 2001, with 300 victims to receive payment.^[1] However, allegations of corruption and fraud plagued the process, and a task force to investigate the compensation payments was formulated in August. In addition, payments were suspended in August because all the funds from the first installment of compensation loans from Taiwan ($8 million) had been used. The $8 million had funded approximately 600 compensation claims. ^[2] In September, a review of the Townsville Peace Agreement suspended compensation payments for death, injury and harassment claims indefinitely citing the need to reformulate compensation policy.^[3] The government resumed compensation payments in late October once additional funds were received. However, these funds were quickly used. In November, payments were delayed as the government refused to transfer the appropriate funds to the bank responsible for allocating payments.^[4]

^[1] “Solomon Islands: Security tightened for compensation pay-day,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, July 23, 2001.

^[2] “Solomon Islands: Probe announced into ‘bogus’ compensation claims,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, August 24, 2001.

^[3] “Solomon Islands: Peace deal review moots compensation in kind rather than cash,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, September 20, 2001.

^[4] “Solomon Islands: Crime reported rising, payouts delayed,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, November 12, 2001.

The Solomon Islands Government continued issuing compensation payments to victims until October 7, 2002 because the loan allocated for compensation had been exhausted.^[1]

^[1] “Solomon Islands government ends compensation payments,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, October 7, 2002.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). By the end of 2000, approximately 1000 ex-combatants had been recruited into the Solomon Islands Police Force.^[1] There were no other documented reintegration programs in 2000.

[1] “Solomon Islands: Fears money not there to pay militants recruited as constables,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 4, 2001.

No developments observed in this year.

In September 2002, the UNDP initiated reintegration workshops for ex-combatants recruited into the Special Constabulary Force.^[1]

^[1] “UN conducting last workshops for Solomons special constables,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 2, 2004.

Of the ex-combatants recruited into the Special Constabulary Force after the conflict, 800 were discharged in February 2003 due to an overpopulation of the force and lack of funding.^[1] In conjunction, the UNDP operated workshops to effectively reintegrate discharged constables, a program that began in September 2002. ^[2]

^[1] “Demobilization of Solomons ‘special constables’ to start 4 February,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 23, 2003.

^[2] “UN conducting last workshops for Solomons special constables,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 2, 2004.

In March 2004, the UNDP began its final round of workshops to demobilize the constables discharged from the police force. With over 800 already reintegrated, an additional 230 constables were expected to complete the workshops.^[1]

^[1] “UN conducting last workshops for Solomons special constables,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 2, 2004.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a review of the security situation in the Solomon Islands as it relates to the implementation of the accord before 2 years from signing. No review was conducted in 2000.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

Of the ex-combatants recruited into the Special Constabulary Force after the conflict, 800 were discharged in February 2003 due to an overpopulation of the force and lack of funding.^[1]

^[1] “Demobilization of Solomons ‘special constables’ to start 4 February,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 23, 2003.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for restructuring of the Solomon Islands Police Force particularly to facilitate equal provincial representation. It further called for the re-incorporation of former police officers who participated in militant groups during the conflict. Although no significant restructuring policy was initiated in 2000, the Solomon Islands Police Force had restored many of the defecting officers (200 expected), and had recruited an additional 800 former combatants.^[1]

[1] “Solomon Islands: Fears money not there to pay militants recruited as constables,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 4, 2001.

On April 15, 2009, the Commission of Inquiry into Land Dealings and Abandoned Properties on Guadalcanal was established.^[1] The Commission of Inquiry was mandated with investigating the acquisition of Guadalcanal land by non-Guadalcanal persons prior to 1998 as well as other land dealings in Guadalcanal. The Commission issued questionnaires for landowners to file claims to land ownership.

The 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands provides for provincial authority over natural resources. In particular, the draft allocates land tenure and dealings, land registration, land planning, use, and development to provincial jurisdiction. However, these powers over natural resources were also listed as concurrent powers in the draft.^[2]

[1] “Terms of Reference,” Commission of Inquiry into Land Dealings and Abandoned Properties on Guadalcanal, Commission of Inquiry Act, April 15, 2009.

[2] 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands National Constitutional Congress and Eminent Persons Advisory Council, June 29, 2009.

In 2008, the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs drafted the Tribal Land Dispute Resolution Panels Bill, which aimed to reform and replace the current system of dealing with land disputes which comprised chiefs, local courts, customary lands appeal courts, and the high court. The bill proposes the establishment of local bodies of local chiefs and other tribal leaders to hear disputes and an administrative body to provide support.^[1] However, the bill was not introduced to parliament during this year.

^[1] Tribal Land Dispute Resolution Panels Bill 2008, Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs, 2008.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The 2004 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands, published in October, provided for greater autonomy for provincial governments within provincial boundaries over matters of governance and distribution of resources, including taxation, legislation, adoption of state constitution, and establishment of state justice systems. However, the draft did not explicitly delineate land management as exclusively states’ jurisdiction.^[1]

^[1] Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands 2004, Provincial Institutional Strengthening and Development Unit and Department of Provincial Government & Constituency Development, October 2004.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The October 15, 2000 Townsville Peace Agreement called for the appointment of a commission of inquiry to examine land acquisition transactions of Guadalcanal land by non-Guadalcanal persons prior to October 1, 1998. No commission of land inquiry was established in the year 2000.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

In 2002, the Solomon Islands continued to receive international assistance from Taiwan in support of compensation programs for victims of the conflict.^[1]

^[1] “Solomon Islands government ends compensation payments,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, October 7, 2002.

The Solomon Islands continued to receive international assistance in 2001, with financial and material support coming from Britain,^[1][2] Japan,^[3] UNICEF, ^[4] the EU, ^[5] Australia,^[6] and New Zealand.^[7] However, these donations were for overarching governance functions and election-holding and were not specific to compensation projects. The Solomon Islands Government accepted a total of $25 million USD from Taiwan (to be distributed over time) for the compensation of landowners whose property had been damaged during the conflict.^[8]

^[1] “Solomon Islands: Britain agrees aid for primary education,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 27, 2001.

^[2] “Solomon Islands: Foreign governments donate funds for election holding,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, May 11, 2001.

^[3] “Japan, UNICEF donate medical supplies to Solomon Islands,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, May 31, 2001.

^[4] “Japan, UNICEF donate medical supplies to Solomon Islands,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, May 31, 2001.

^[5] “Solomon Islands: Foreign governments donate funds for election holding,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, May 11, 2001.

^[6] “Solomon Islands: Foreign governments donate funds for election holding,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, May 11, 2001.

^[7] “New Zealand to contribute funds for Solomon Islands elections,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, May 21, 2001.

^[8] “Solomon Islands uses Taiwan loan to compensate landowners,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, July 16, 2001.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the Solomon Islands Government to solicit financial assistance to compensate victims of the conflict in Guadalcanal. In 2000, the Solomon Islands was awarded financial assistance for rehabilitation by the EU,^[1] Australia^[2] and the Asian Development Bank.^[3] However, this aid was not intended or used specifically for reparations to the victims of conflict.

[1] “Agreement makes EU biggest donor to Solomon Islands,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, November 14, 2000.

[2] “Solomon Islands: Australia grants funds for community rehabilitation,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, December 6, 2000.

[3] “Asian Development Bank loan to boost reconstruction,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts,” December 29, 2000.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

Disarmament efforts in the Solomon Islands continued in 2003. In May, 16 villages in Guadalcanal Province were confirmed as weapons-free.^[1] The Solomon Islands government passed the Facilitation of International Assistance Bill 2003, in which a foreign presence was invited to assist with the collection and control of remaining weapons.^[2] The government of the Solomon Islands extended the deadline for weapons in exchange for amnesty again on July 31, 2003 for a 21-day period.^[3] By the amnesty deadline, a total of 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered.^[4] An unknown amount of weapons remained in circulation.

^[1] “Solomon Islands: Villages in Guadalcanal declared ‘weapons-free,’” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 3, 2003.

^[2] The Facilitation of International Assistance Bill 2003, Parliament of the Solomon Islands, July 17, 2003.

^[3] “Solomons prime minister signs gun amnesty,” Xinhua General News Service, July 31, 2003.

^[4] “Solomons amnesty yields almost 3,000 weapons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 22, 2003.

In March, the government extended the final deadline for weapons handover to May 31, 2002.^[1] The announcement of the deadline followed a significant influx in surrendered arms. ^[2] By the deadline, the IPMT had collected approximately 1,700 weapons.^[3] However, an estimated 460 high-powered weapons remained in circulation.^[4] The IPMT began disposing of the weapons in June.^[5]

^[1] “Deadline for Solomon Islands gun handover again extended,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 21, 2001.

^[2] “ Over 1,300 weapons collected under Solomon Islands amnesty,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 12, 2002.

^[3] “Solomons gun amnesty ‘exceeded expectations,’” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 3, 2002.

^[4] “Hundreds of high-powered guns ‘still at large’ in Solomons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 11, 2002.

^[5] “Solomons peace monitors begin disposal of surrendered weapons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 23, 2002.

Although the deadline for handing over weapons was December 15, 2000, most arms remained in circulation with an estimated 400 that had not been surrendered by January 2001.^[1] In February, the Peace Monitoring Council reported that over 500 heavy weapons remained unaccounted for and that previously confiscated weapons from militants had gone missing.^[2] Another theft was reported in October.^[3]

^[1] “More than 400 weapons yet to be handed in,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 4, 2001.

^[2] “Weapons said missing from police armouries,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, February 28, 2001.

^[3] “Solomon Islands: Parties to peace deal condemn theft of weapons,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, October 8, 2001.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. On November 6, reports confirmed that Malaita Eagle Force and Isatabu Freedom Movement militants had begun surrendering weapons.^[1] One week later, reports suggested that the handover process was progressing according to plan. However, the Peace-Monitoring Council stated that although the weapons may have been handed over to their respective commanders, they had not yet been transferred to the proper authority.^[2] The initial deadline for surrender was November 16, but this deadline was not met. The arms surrendering ceremony was rescheduled for December 15.^[3] This deadline was met, and more than 100 guns held by the Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) were shipped to the International Peace Monitoring Team with 100 additional guns following.^[4] However, on December 18, peace monitors reported that hundreds of arms remained in circulation.^[5]

[1]“Militants begin arms handover,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 7, 2000.

[2]“Monitors have no record of arms surrender,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 29, 2000.

[3] “Minister says time period for arms handover extended,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 18, 2000.

[4] “Deadline reached for weapons handover,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, December 16, 2000.

[5] “Many guns still not accounted for,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, December 19, 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. The initial deadline for surrender was November 16, but this deadline was not met. The arms surrendering ceremony was rescheduled for December 15.^[1] In 2000, more than 100 guns held by the MEF were shipped to the International Peace Monitoring Team with 100 additional guns following.^[2] However, on December 18, peace monitors reported that hundreds of arms remained in circulation.^[3]

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No Constitutional Council was established in 2000, and no changes to the Constitution were initiated in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all MEF and IFM soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. No repatriation was reported in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). By the end of 2000, approximately 1000 ex-combatants had been recruited into the police force. ^[4] No other programs or services were launched in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. No progress was made in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

[1] “Minister says time period for arms handover extended,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 18, 2000.

[2] “Deadline reached for weapons handover,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, December 16, 2000.

[3] “Many guns still not accounted for,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, December 19, 2000.

[4] “Solomon Islands: Fears money not there to pay militants recruited as constables,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 4, 2001.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. The initial deadline for surrender was November 16, but this deadline was not met. The arms surrendering ceremony was rescheduled for December 15.^[1] This deadline was met, and more than 100 guns held by the Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) were shipped to the International Peace Monitoring Team with 100 additional guns following.^[2] However, on December 18, peace monitors reported that hundreds of arms remained in circulation.^[3] In 2001, monitors estimated that at least 500 heavy weapons remained in circulation. ^[4]

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No progress was made in 2000. In January 2001, a team of British constitutional lawyers committed to a 3-month stay in the Solomon Islands, during which they would advise on the drafting process as the government reformulated the Constitution to accommodate greater autonomy for provinces.^[5] However, no Constitutional Council was established in 2001 and no changes to the Constitution were initiated in 2001.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all MEF and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. In 2001, the Peace Monitoring Council Reported that some militants had returned home.^[6]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). By the end of 2000, approximately 1000 ex-combatants had been recruited into the police force. ^[7] In 2001, no additional reintegration programs or services were documented.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2001.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. In January 2001, an Asian Development Bank funded project for the rehabilitation of infrastructure was launched, referred to as the Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project. It was specifically allocated to repair roads in Honiara, West Guadalcanal, East Guadalcanal, and Malaita, bridges in East Guadalcanal, West Guadalcanal, and Malaita, as well as the rehabilitation of provincial buildings and water supplies. However, the initiation of the projects was delayed and did not occur in 2001.^[8]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council (PMC) within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

^[1] “Minister says time period for arms handover extended,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 18, 2000.

^[2] “Deadline reached for weapons handover,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, December 16, 2000.

^[3] “Many guns still not accounted for,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, December 19, 2000.

^[4] “Weapons said missing from police armouries,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, February 28, 2001.

^[5] “British lawyer to help amend constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 18, 2001.

^[6] “Solomon Islands: Monitoring group details disarmament problems,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, August 7, 2001.

^[7] “Solomon Islands: Fears money not there to pay militants recruited as constables,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 4, 2001.

^[8] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team (IPNT) within thirty days of signing. In March 2002, the government extended the final deadline for weapons handover to May 31, 2002.^[1] The announcement of the deadline followed a significant influx in surrendered arms. ^[2] By the deadline, the International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) had collected approximately 1,700 weapons.^[3] However, an estimated 460 high-powered weapons remained in circulation by the end of 2002.^[4]

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000 or 2001. On November 2, 2002, the Solomon Islands Government signed the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) funded project Support to Constitutional Reform Programme. However, no Constitutional Council was established in 2002 and no changes to the Constitution were initiated in 2002.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. In 2001, the Peace Monitoring Council Reported that some militants had returned home.^[5] No additional repatriation was documented in 2002.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). By the end of 2000, approximately 1000 ex-combatants had been recruited into the police force. ^[6] In September 2002, the UNDP initiated reintegration workshops for ex-combatants that had initially been recruited into the Special Constabulary Force. ^[7]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2002.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. The Asian Development Bank Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, which had been scheduled to begin in 2001, was initiated briefly in 2002. Consultants began preparing reports to begin construction in January 2002 and published an inception report in May 2002. However, the Asian Development Bank suspended operations in the Solomon Islands and consultants withdrew in 2002.^[8]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council (PMC) within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2002.

^[1] “Deadline for Solomon Islands gun handover again extended,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 21, 2001.

^[2] “ Over 1,300 weapons collected under Solomon Islands amnesty,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 12, 2002.

^[3] “Solomons gun amnesty ‘exceeded expectations,’” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 3, 2002.

^[4] “Hundreds of high-powered guns ‘still at large’ in Solomons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 11, 2002.

^[5] “Solomon Islands: Monitoring group details disarmament problems,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, August 7, 2001.

^[6] “Solomon Islands: Fears money not there to pay militants recruited as constables,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, January 4, 2001.

^[7] “UN conducting last workshops for Solomons special constables,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 2, 2004.

^[8] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. The government of the Solomon Islands extended the deadline for weapons in exchange for amnesty again on July 31, 2003 for a 21-day period.^[1] By the amnesty deadline, a total of 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered.^[2] An unknown amount of weapons remained in circulation.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000-2002. In September 2003, political leadership of the Solomon Islands began debating constitutional change.^[3] However, no constitution or amendment was drafted in 2003.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. No additional repatriation was observed in 2003.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). Of the ex-combatants recruited into the Special Constabulary Force after the conflict, 800 were discharged in February 2003 due to an overpopulation of the force and lack of funding.^[4] In conjunction, the UNDP operated workshops to effectively reintegrate discharged constables, a program that began in September 2002. ^[5]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2003.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. No additional development programs were detected in 2003.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2003.

^[1] “Solomons prime minister signs gun amnesty,” Xinhua General News Service, July 31, 2003.

^[2] “Solomons amnesty yields almost 3,000 weapons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 22, 2003.

^[3] “Solomon Islands leaders discuss constitutional change,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, September 19, 2003.

^[4] “Demobilization of Solomons ‘special constables’ to start 4 February,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 23, 2003.

^[5] “UN conducting last workshops for Solomons special constables,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 2, 2004.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. By 2003, a total of 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered.^[1] As of 2004, an unknown amount of weapons remained in circulation.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000-2003. On November 5, 2004, the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands launched a draft of a new constitution proposal.^[2] The draft was set to circulate among stakeholders for input before being interpreted into a bill to appear before parliament, but this process was not completed in 2004.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. No additional repatriation was observed in 2004.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). In 2004, the UNDP continued workshops to reintegrate discharged ex-combatant constables. No additional reintegration programs or services were documented in 2004.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2004.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. The Asian Development Bank reactivated the Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project in January 2004. Throughout the year, the project manager updated the inception reports to include any relevant changes in costs and priorities since the suspension in 2002. However, no physical work began in 2004.^[3]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2004.

^[1] “Solomons amnesty yields almost 3,000 weapons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 22, 2003.

^[2] “Solomon Islands launches draft federal constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 5, 2004.

^[3] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. By 2003, a total of 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered.^[1] As of 2004, an unknown amount of weapons remained in circulation.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000-2003. In 2004, the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands launched a draft of a new constitution proposal.^[2] During 2005, the draft constitution circulated among stakeholders, such as citizens and provincial leaders.^[3][4] However, no proposal to replace the current constitution was submitted to parliament in 2005.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. No additional repatriation was noted in 2005.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). In 2005, no additional reintegration programs or services were documented.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2005.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. Physical works on the Asian Development Bank Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project began in September 2005.^[5]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council (PMC) within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2005.

^[1] “Solomons amnesty yields almost 3,000 weapons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 22, 2003.

^[2] “Solomon Islands launches draft federal constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 5, 2004.

^[3] “Residents of Solomon Islands’ North Malaita hear federal constitution plans,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, March 11, 2005.

^[4] “Solomon Islands western leaders defer federal constitution deliberations,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 25, 2005.

^[5] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. By 2003, a total of 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered.^[1] As of 2004, an unknown amount of weapons remained in circulation.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000-2003. In 2004, the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands launched a draft of a new constitution proposal.^[2] During 2005, the draft constitution circulated among stakeholders, such as citizens and provincial leaders.^[3][4] However, no proposal to replace the current constitution was submitted to parliament by the end of 2006.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. No additional repatriation was noted in 2006.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). In 2006, no additional reintegration programs or services were documented.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This body was not formed in 2006.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. In 2006, the Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project continued. In addition, the Asian Development Bank signed a grant agreement for the separate Road Improvement (Sector) Project in 2006. The objectives included road rehabilitation projects in Malaita, Temotu, Guadalcanal, Honiara, and Makira and institutional capacity building to ensure the long-term maintenance of Solomon Islands infrastructure.^[5]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2006.

^[1] “Solomons amnesty yields almost 3,000 weapons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 22, 2003.

^[2] “Solomon Islands launches draft federal constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 5, 2004.

^[3] “Residents of Solomon Islands’ North Malaita hear federal constitution plans,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, March 11, 2005.

^[4] “Solomon Islands western leaders defer federal constitution deliberations,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 25, 2005.

^[5] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. By 2003, 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered. As of 2004, an unknown number of weapons remained in circulation.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, which was tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000-2003. In 2004, the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands launched a draft of a new constitution proposal.^[1] During 2005, the draft constitution circulated among stakeholders, such as citizens and provincial leaders.^[2][3] The Solomon Islands Constitutional Congress (CC), the central body working on the Constitutional Reform Program, was formally appointed in 2007. In July 2007, the Constitution Reform Unit was established in the Office of the Prime Minister.^[4] The body was charged with the management and coordination of the Constitutional Reform Project.^[5]

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. Although some militants were reported to have returned to their villages in 2001, no additional repatriation was noted since.^[6]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). Although over 1000 ex-militants were integrated into the police constables in 2000 and discharged through reintegration programs by the end of 2003, no additional reintegration programs or services were documented.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness (within 60 days of signing). This body was not formed in 2007.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. The Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project continued to operate in 2007. In addition, the grant agreement for the Road Improvement (Sector) Project became effective on February 15, 2007. In 2007, the project launched initiatives in project management, institutional strengthening and capacity building.^[7]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council (PMC) within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2007.

^[1] “Solomon Islands launches draft federal constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 5, 2004.

^[2] “Residents of Solomon Islands’ North Malaita hear federal constitution plans,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, March 11, 2005.

^[3] “Solomon Islands western leaders defer federal constitution deliberations,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 25, 2005.

^[4] “Timeline of CRU’s work output,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, July 2016.

^[5] “Information on the Constitutional Reform Unit (CRU),” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program.

^[6] “Solomon Islands: Monitoring group details disarmament problems,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, August 7, 2001.

^[7] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. By 2003, 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered. As of 2004, an unknown number of weapons remained in circulation.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for creating a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, which was tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000-2003. In 2004, the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands launched a draft of a new constitution proposal.^[1] During 2005, the draft constitution circulated among stakeholders, such as citizens and provincial leaders.^[2][3] The Solomon Islands Constitutional Congress (CC), the central body working on the Constitutional Reform Program, was formally appointed in 2007. In July 2007, the Constitution Reform Unit was established in the Office of the Prime Minister.^[4] The body was charged with the management and coordination of the Constitutional Reform Project.^[5] The Constitutional Reform Unit and Constitutional Congress continued operations in 2008.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. Although some militants were reported to have returned to their villages in 2001, ^{no additional repatriations have been} noted since.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of MEF and IFM soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation). Although over 1000 ex-militants were integrated into the police constables in 2000 and discharged through reintegration programs by the end of 2003, no additional reintegration programs or services were documented.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness (within 60 days of signing). This deadline was not met, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was not established until August 28, 2008.^[6]

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. The Asian Development Bank Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project was judged to be 99% complete in February 2008.^[7] In 2008, the Road Improvement (Sector) Project continued work in project management and institutional capacity building. In late 2008, the project initiated physical work on infrastructure.^[8]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council (PMC) within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2008.

^[1] “Solomon Islands launches draft federal constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 5, 2004.

^[2] “Residents of Solomon Islands’ North Malaita hear federal constitution plans,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, March 11, 2005.

^[3] “Solomon Islands western leaders defer federal constitution deliberations,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 25, 2005.

^[4] “Timeline of CRU’s work output,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, July 2016.

^[5] “Information on the Constitutional Reform Unit (CRU),” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program.

^[6] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission Act 2008 (No. 5 of 208), National Parliament of the Solomon Islands, August 28, 2008.

^[7] Solomon Islands: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project, Asian Development Bank, September 2009.

^[8] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated that all weapons should be handed over to the International Peace Monitoring Team within thirty days of signing. By 2003, a total of 2,948 weapons and 303,000 rounds of ammunition had been surrendered.^[1] As of 2004, an unknown amount of weapons remained in circulation.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No significant progress was made in 2000-2003. In 2004, the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands launched a draft of a new constitution proposal.^[2] During 2005, the draft constitution circulated among stakeholders, such as citizens and provincial leaders.^[3][4] The Solomon Islands Constitutional Congress (CC), the central body working on the Constitutional Reform Program, was formally appointed in 2007. In July 2007, the Constitution Reform Unit was established in the Office of the Prime Minister.^[5] The body was charged with the management and coordination of the Constitutional Reform Project.^[6] In May 2009, the Constitutional Congress (CC) and Eminent Persons Advisory Council held a joint plenary (EPAC), during which the two bodies discussed substantive issues arising from the theme committee reports produced in 2008. The bodies also deliberated the 2004 constitutional draft by working through it clause-by-clause. ^[7] The plenary resulted in a new constitutional draft. On June 26, 2009, the Solomon Islands National Constitutional Congress and the EPAC produced the 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands.^[8]

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all MEF and IFM soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. Although some militants were reported to have returned to their villages in 2001, ^[9] no additional repatriation was noted since.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the repatriation of Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) soldiers and the initiation of public works programs to provide counseling and employment services for ex-combatants and their families (within 3 months of repatriation).  No additional reintegration programs or services were documented, though over 1000 ex-militants were integrated into the police constables in 2000 and discharged through reintegration programs by the end of 2003.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the establishment (within 60 days of signing) of a Peace and Reconciliation Committee to facilitate reconciliation and forgiveness. This deadline was not met, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was not established until August 28, 2008,^[10] and was not officially launched until April 29, 2009. ^[11]

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for negotiations to allocate appropriate development assistance to the affected areas within 12 months of signing. In 2009, the Road Improvement (Sector) Project continued work in institutional capacity building and infrastructure rehabilitation. Some roads in Malaita and Temotu were completed in 2009.^[12]

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated the constitution of the Peace Monitoring Council (PMC) within 14 days of signing. The PMC was convened within the allocated timeline.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for a formal review of the agreement no more than 24 months after signing. This deadline was not met, and no review was completed in 2009.

[1] “Solomons amnesty yields almost 3,000 weapons,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 22, 2003.

[2] “Solomon Islands launches draft federal constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 5, 2004.

[3] “Residents of Solomon Islands’ North Malaita hear federal constitution plans,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, March 11, 2005.

[4] “Solomon Islands western leaders defer federal constitution deliberations,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 25, 2005.

[5] “Timeline of CRU’s work output,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, July 2016.

[6] “Information on the Constitutional Reform Unit (CRU),” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program.

[7] “Information on the Constitutional Congress & EPAC,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, May 2014.

[8] 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands, The Solomon Islands National Constitutional Congress and the Eminent Persons Advisory Council, June 26, 2009.

[9] “Solomon Islands: Monitoring group details disarmament problems,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, August 7, 2001.

[10] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission Act 2008 (No. 5 of 208), National Parliament of the Solomon Islands, August 28, 2008.

[11] “Tutu warns Solomon Islanders reconciliation no easy task,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, April 29, 2009.

[12] Solomon Islands: Road Improvement (Sector) Project, Asian Development Bank, April 2014.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for all MEF and IFM soldiers to be repatriated to their home villages within 30 days of signing. No repatriation was reported in 2000.

In 2001, the Peace Monitoring Council Reported that some militants had returned home.^[1]

^[1] “Solomon Islands: Monitoring group details disarmament problems,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, August 7, 2001.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated constitutional amendments to grant more autonomy and self-governing status to the people of Malaita and Guadalcanal. No such amendment or autonomy-granting legislation was initiated in 2000. In addition, the peace agreement further specified that jurisdiction over land ownership be allocated to Guadalcanal provincial or state government. This jurisdiction transfer was not legalized in 2000.

No developments observed in this period.

No developments observed in this period.

No developments observed in this period.

The 2004 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands, published in October, provided for greater autonomy for provincial governments within provincial boundaries over matters of governance and distribution of resources, including custom, town government, business and trade, state government, justice, and education. However, the draft did not explicitly delineate land management as exclusively states’ jurisdiction.^[1] The draft was set to circulate among stakeholders for input before being interpreted into a bill to appear before parliament.

^[1] Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands 2004, Provincial Institutional Strengthening and Development Unit and Department of Provincial Government & Constituency Development, October 2004.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands stipulated provinces’ autonomy, and expanded the functions under provincial jurisdiction from those delineated by the 2004 draft. It also provided for provincial jurisdiction over custom, town government, business and trade, state governance, and some education. The 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands expands provincial powers over education, governance, commerce, industry, justice, and information technology. In addition, the draft provided for provincial authority over natural resources. In particular, the draft allocates land tenure and dealings, land registration, land planning, use, and development to provincial jurisdiction. However, these expanded powers and additional powers over natural resources were also listed as concurrent powers in the draft.^[1]

[1] 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands National Constitutional Congress and Eminent Persons Advisory Council, June 29, 2009.

In May 2009, the Constitutional Congress (CC) and Eminent Persons Advisory Council held a joint plenary (EPAC), where the two bodies discussed substantive issues arising from the theme committee reports produced in 2008. The bodies also deliberated the 2004 constitutional draft by working through it clause-by-clause. ^[1] The plenary resulted in a new constitutional draft; on June 26, 2009, the Solomon Islands National Constitutional Congress and the EPAC produced the 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands.^[2]

[1] “Information on the Constitutional Congress & EPAC,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, May 2014.

[2] 1^st 2009 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands, The Solomon Islands National Constitutional Congress and the Eminent Persons Advisory Council, June 26, 2009.

The Constitutional Reform Unit and Constitutional Congress continued operations in 2008. From May to June 2008, provincial teams conducted consultations in the provinces of the Solomon Islands as well as Honiara. Team committees were created to address seven critical themes of constitutional reform: foundation provisions, federal political systems and powers, public finance and revenue sharing, law and justice, fundamental human rights and freedoms (and other rights), constitutional institutions, representations and public service, and transition. From September to November, the teams deliberated.^[1] In December, the theme committees commenced to issue reports on their respective deliberations.^[2]

^[1] “Information on the Constitutional Congress & EPAC,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, May 2014.

^[2] “Timeline of CRU’s work output,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, July 2016.

The Solomon Islands Constitutional Congress (CC), the central body working on the Constitutional Reform Program, was formally appointed in 2007. The CC is comprised of representatives from the provinces and representatives from the central government. The body acts as a liaison between Congress and the Constitutional Reform Program. It is charged with considering constitutional reviews and reports, consulting with provincial political communities, soliciting constitution drafts and informing the Solomon Islands political community when a final draft is constructed. The Elder’s Advisory Group (later re-named the Eminent Persons Advisory Council or EPAC) was created as a body of the CC, representing primarily traditional leaders to provide technical assistance.^[1]

In July 2007, the Constitution Reform Unit was established in the Office of the Prime Minister.^[2] The body was charged with the management and coordination of the Constitutional Reform Project.^[3]

^[1] “Information on the Constitutional Congress & EPAC,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, May 2014.

^[2] “Timeline of CRU’s work output,” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program, July 2016.

^[3] “Information on the Constitutional Reform Unit (CRU),” Solomon Islands Constitutional Reform Program.

No developments observed in this year.

During 2005, the draft constitution circulated among stakeholders, such as citizens and provincial leaders.^[1][2] However, no proposal to replace the current constitution was submitted to parliament in 2005.

^[1] “Residents of Solomon Islands’ North Malaita hear federal constitution plans,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, March 11, 2005.

^[2] “Solomon Islands western leaders defer federal constitution deliberations,” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, February 25, 2005.

In October, the 2004 Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands was published.^[1] The draft was set to circulate among stakeholders for input before being interpreted into a bill to appear before parliament.

^[1] Draft Federal Constitution of Solomon Islands 2004, Provincial Institutional Strengthening and Development Unit and Department of Provincial Government & Constituency Development, October 2004.

In January 2003, the UNDP began initiatives to solicit citizens’ input on proposals for the new constitution.^[1] These were completed on September 5.^[2] In September, political leadership of the Solomon Islands began debating the process of constitutional change.^[3] However, no constitution or amendment was drafted in 2003.

^[1] “Teams fan out to consult Solomon Islanders on new constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 30, 2003.

^[2] “Solomons provincial constitutional consultation round completed,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, September 5, 2003.

^[3] “Solomon Islands leaders discuss constitutional change,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, September 19, 2003.

On November 2, 2002, the Solomon Islands Government signed the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) funded project Support to Constitutional Reform Programme. The project included UNDP assistance to the Solomon Islands to develop proposals for devolution of constitutional power and decentralization. The project was scheduled to draw on a socio-economic impact assessment and consultations with the nine provinces to draft a framework for a new constitution.^[1]

^[1] “Solomon Islands signs UN-funded constitutional reform,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 5, 2002.

In January 2001, a team of British constitutional lawyers committed to a 3-month stay in the Solomon Islands, during which they would advise on the drafting process as the government reformulated the Constitution to accommodate greater autonomy for provinces.^[1]

^[1] “British lawyer to help amend constitution,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 18, 2001.

The Townsville Peace Agreement called for the creation of a Constitutional Council within 28 days of signing, tasked with rewriting the Constitution to provide more autonomy to provinces. No Constitutional Council was established in 2000, and no changes to the Constitution were initiated in 2000.

The Townsville Peace Agreement stipulated amnesty for militants engaged in the conflict on the condition of weapons surrender. On December 18, the Solomon Islands parliament passed a bill formally granting amnesty to former members of the Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) and Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM)who have surrendered weapons or stolen property.^[1][2] However, according to the Constitution of the Solomon Islands, “when a Bill has been passed by Parliament it shall be presented to the Governor-General who shall assent to it forthwith on behalf of the Head of State, and when such assent is given the Bill shall become law.”^[3] According to the bill text, the Governor General did not sign the bill until February 19. 2001. As a result, the Amnesty Act did not appear to be in force in 2000. The High Court of the Solomon Islands writes in Regina vs. Su’u (2007) that “This [Amnesty] Act was assented to by the Governor-General on 19 February 2001 and came into force on 13 June 2001” (italics original).^[4]

[1] “Amnesty passed, Downer visits,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, December 20, 2000.

[2]  “The Amnesty Act 2000,” National Parliament of Solomon Islands, December 18, 2000.

[3] “The Constitution of Solomon Islands,” June 8, 1978.

[4] “Regina v. Su’u,” High Court of Solomon Islands, March 1, 2007.

On April 5, 2001, the Solomon Islands parliament voted to change its constitution to incorporate amnesty provisions of the Townsville Peace Agreement. The bill formally recognized the immunity of all participants of the conflict conditional on the surrender of weapons and stolen property.^[1]

^[1] “Solomon Islands parliament amends constitution to accommodate conflict amnesty,” BBC Monitoring, April 5, 2001.

In March, the government extended the final deadline for weapons handover under the Amnesty Act to May 31, 2002.^[1] The deadline was not renewed in 2002.

^[1] “Deadline for Solomon Islands gun handover again extended,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 21, 2001.

The government of the Solomon Islands extended the deadline for weapons in exchange for amnesty again on July 31, 2003 for a 21-day period.^[1]

^[1] “Solomons prime minister signs gun amnesty,” Xinhua General News Service, July 31, 2003.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

No developments observed in this year.

The Townsville Peace Agreement prohibited the sale and purchase of arms and ammunition in Guadalcanal and other provinces. From the signing of the TPA to the end of 2000, there has been no record of weapons sale/purchases by the conflicting parties.

No ceasefire violations were reported from the signing of the Townsville Peace Agreement to the end of 2000.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2009.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2008.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2007.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2006.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2005.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2004.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2003.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2002.

No ceasefire violations were reported in 2001.