Donor Support: Chapultepec Peace Agreement

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Donor Support: Chapultepec Peace Agreement

Implementations

Donor Support – 1992

ONUSAL and the office of the Secretary-General began appealing to governments and international/regional organizations to put up funds to carry out land transfers, since the Government of El Salvador was to pay land-owners for lands to be transferred to peasant farmers but did not have nearly the amount of money required to make all the purchases.1

Japan pledged $4.5 million for emergency aid, including about $750,000 for refugee relief, and economic restructuring.2 Canada pledged up to $5 million for poverty alleviation, human rights promotion and democratization.3 The United States pledged to redirect some of its ongoing military aid to the Government of El Salvador toward peaceful programs. The US would put up $250 million over two years to support the peace process. In total, 18 countries and 12 NGOs promised to contribute $800 million for post-conflict reconstruction.4

  1. “Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador,” United Nations Security Council (S/24833), November 23, 1992.
  2. “Watanabe pledges emergency aid package to El Salvador,” Japan Economic Newswire, March 5, 1992.
  3. “Canada contributes to the peace process in Central America,” Canada NewsWire, April 13, 1992.
  4. “El Salvador: An end to U.S. military aid?,” Inter-Press Service, March 25, 1992.

Donor Support – 1993

The Government of El Salvador faced major funding shortfalls for the programs directly related to the peace agreements. Approximately $1.2 billion was needed. The Government committed over $300 million, and the international community less than $300 million, leaving a gap of $600 million. ONUSAL appealed to foreign ministers for additional support, but the donor community did not live up to expectations.5

  1. “Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador,” United Nations Security Council (S/25812), May 21, 1993.

Donor Support – 1994

In March 1994, the Government reported a budget shortfall of $376 million for expenses arising from the Peace Accords. Grants and loans given or committed by international donors amounted to approximately $140 million.6 The land-transfer program was partially financed by the United States Agency for International Development, but still lacked $32 million to be completed. Other reintegration programs lacked a sum total of approximately $50 million.7

When MINUSAL took over for ONUSAL, it teamed up with UNDP to prepare technical assistance programs estimated to cost $9.8 million. As of September 1995, donors had pledged $4.23 million to support the programs.8

  1. “Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador,” United Nations Security Council (S/1994/561), May 11, 1994.
  2. “Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador,” United Nations Security Council (S/1994/1000), August 26, 1994.
  3. “The Situation in Central America: Procedures for the Establishment of a Firm and Lasting Peace and Progress in Fashioning a Region of Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Development,” United Nations General Assembly (A/50/517), October 6, 1995.

Donor Support – 1995

International donors promised an additional $1.3 billion to support the programs of the Peace Accords. Approximately $1.8 billion had been spent already. Donors included the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank, the US, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, and Switzerland.9

  1. “El Salvador-Finance: Donors back peace with new aid pledge.” Inter-Press Service, June 22, 1995.

Donor Support – 1996

No developments observed this year.

Donor Support – 1997

No developments observed this year.

Donor Support – 1998

Emergency aid in the wake of Hurricane Mitch became the central focus of international donations in 1998.10

  1. “World Bank announces major support for Central America to recover from Hurricane Mitch,” M2 Presswire, December 11, 1998.

Donor Support – 1999

No developments observed this year.

Donor Support – 2000

No developments observed this year.

Donor Support – 2001

Two earthquakes in 2001 caused further damage and sparked international donors to provide further assistance.11 Donor support was crucial for the implementation of the peace accord and countries and donor agencies provided much needed financial and technical support to the peace process.

  1. “UN Assembly calls for continued generous response to El Salvador earthquake emergency,” M2 Presswire, January 29, 2001.