EMOCHM’s 135 day mandate expired in February, and RENAMO and the government eventually extended the mandate by an additional 60 days. American observers never arrived, and European observers departed after the initial 135 days. By May, only the observers from Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Cape Verde had remained in the country.[1] In June, the government dissolved RENAMO, and the remaining Mozambican and foreign observers returned home. RENAMO protested the government’s decision to dissolve the group, while the government claimed that given RENAMO’s continued refusal to begin the demobilization process by providing a list of fighters it wanted integrated into the security forces, there was no point in extending EMOCHM’s mandate further.[2]
[1] “Mozambique; EMOCHM ends, Renamo-government dialogue still deadlocked,” Africa News, May 19, 2015.
[2] “Mozambique; Foreign military observers leaving Mozambique,” Africa News, June 2, 2015.
The Declaration of Cessation of Military Hostilities created a Military Team of International Observers for the Cessation of Military Hostilities (EMOCHM). EMOCHM was to monitor and guarantee the ceasefire for a renewable mandate of 135 days. It was to be comprised of Mozambican and foreign observers, with the Mozambican members being split evenly between the government and RENAMO.
International observers began to arrive on September 16, 2014.[1] The government and RENAMO agreed that the international mission would begin on September 30, 2014, and reaffirmed the 135-day mandate.[2] The four provincial sub-teams were deployed on October 29, 2014.[3]
[1] “Mozambique: International observers arrive in Mozambique,” Africa News, September 17, 2014.
[2] “Mozambique: Military observers to start work on 30 September,” Africa News, September 23, 2014.
[3] “Mozambique; Military observers deploy to provinces on 29 October,” Africa News, October 21, 2014.
At the end of August 2018, the government announced that ten former RENAMO combatants had been integrated into the Mozambican police and the start of their training.[1] The August agreement stipulates integration of 300 demobilized RENAMO combatants into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique. After the integration of 10 demobilized RENAMO combatants into the police force, training for an additional 36 members started in 2021.[2]
[1] “Ten Mozambique opposition militia absorbed into police force,” BBC Monitoring Africa- Political, September 4, 2018.
[2] Mozambique: Former Renamo Fighters to Train As Police Officers. AllAfrica. https://allafrica.com/stories/202107130755.html
At the end of August 2018, the government announced that ten former RENAMO combatants had been integrated into the Mozambican police and started their training.[1] No further information is available other than the ten former RENAMO combatants assuming their responsibility in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique in July 2020.[2]
[1] “Ten Mozambique opposition militia absorbed into police force,” BBC Monitoring Africa- Political, September 4, 2018.
[2] Former Renamo guerrillas take up positions in Mozambican police. Club of Mozambique. https://clubofmozambique.com/news/former-renamo-guerrillas-take-up-positions-in-mozambican-police-164903/
At the end of August 2018, the government announced that ten former RENAMO combatants had been integrated into the Mozambican police and the start of their training.[1] But, no further intake of RENAMO combatants joining either the police or military reported since August 2018.[2]
[1] “Ten Mozambique opposition militia absorbed into police force,” BBC Monitoring Africa- Political, September 4, 2018.
[2] Police training of ex-renamo guerrillas ends. Mozambique News Agency (December 4, 2019)
On August 6, the Mozambican government announced an agreement had been reached with RENAMO on the demobilization, disarmament, and integration of RENAMO combatants.[1] At the end of August, the government announced that ten former RENAMO combatants had been integrated into the Mozambican police.[2] In September, the government established four working groups with RENAMO to implement the agreement.[3]
[1] “Government and Renamo sign memorandum on military issues,” Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique, August 7, 2018.
[2] “Ten Mozambique opposition militia absorbed into police force,” BBC Monitoring Africa- Political, September 4, 2018.
[3] “Nyusi announces groups to work on demilitarisation of Renamo,” Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique, August 16, 2018.
The government and RENAMO established a working group to address disarmament, demobilization, and integration of RENAMO combatants into the police and military. However, reintegration did not occur in 2017.[1]
[1] “Mozambique; Nysui in new dialogue with rebel leader,” Africa News, December 14, 2017.
Talks between the government and RENAMO on integrating RENAMO forces into the police continued in 2016. However, integration did not begin this year.[1]
[1] “Mozambique; ‘Integration’ of Renamo members into army under discussion,” Africa News, September 20, 2016.
The Declaration of Cessation of Military Hostilities stipulated that experts from the government and RENAMO should produce a document addressing the integration of RENAMO combatants into the police.
A September news report quoted the head of the government’s delegation as stating that the government and RENAMO were making progress on drafting a list of RENAMO combatants to be integrated into the military and police.[1] However, a later report suggested these negotiations deadlocked in November.[2]
[1] “Mozambique; Military observers to start work on 30 September,” Africa News, September 23, 2014.
[2] “Mozambique; Still no advance in disarming Renamo,” Africa News, November 18, 2014.
No progress was made on police reform in 2015. RENAMO claimed the government had violated the Declaration of Cessation of Military Hostilities by failing to integrate RENAMO combatants into the military and police. The government blamed RENAMO for failing to provide the government with a list of individuals it wanted integrated into the security forces.[1]
[1] “Interior Minister promises to disarm Renamo,” Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique, November 4, 2015.
