Reintegration: Arusha Accord – 4 August 1993

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Reintegration: Arusha Accord – 4 August 1993

Implementations

Reintegration – 1993

There were no active reintegration programs this year.

Reintegration – 1994

There were no active reintegration programs this year.

Reintegration – 1995

There were no active reintegration programs this year.

Reintegration – 1996

There were no active reintegration programs this year.

Reintegration – 1997

Rwanda’s overall DDR process proceeded in two different phases. In the first phase, which began in September 1997 and lasted until February 2001, 18,692 soldiers from the Rwandan army (RPA) – 2,364 of whom were child soldiers and 15,000 of whom were former members of Former Rwandan Armed Force – were demobilized.1

The state’s first reintegration program was reportedly not successful. According to the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission, only a small proportion of disabled ex-combatants received any kind of medical rehabilitation, no reintegration benefits were available for the 15,000 ex-FAR combatants who were demobilized. Demobilized RPA combatants received some reintegration support.2

  1. “The Second Stage of Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (RDRP Stage II),” RDRC, 2002.
  2. Ibid, 7.

Reintegration – 1998

No developments observed this year.

Reintegration – 1999

No developments observed this year.

Reintegration – 2000

No developments observed this year.

Reintegration – 2001

The second phase of demobilization started in December of 2001 and ended in December of 2008. In this phase, a total of 20,000 ex-combatants from RPA/RDF and 12,500 members of armed groups were expected to be demobilized. By the end of March 2008, 22,362 RDF were demobilized, thereby exceeding the target number. However, out of the 12,500, only 6,397 ex-combatants from armed groups were demobilized.1 Those mobilized received insertion benefits and reintegration allowances.

The reintegration had economic and social dimensions and was carried out in two distinct phases. Under economic reintegration, combatants received counseling, financial support and formal and informal education. Ex-combatants also received reintegration grants and tool kits. Under the social reintegration phase, activities related to supporting family network and creating informal networks of ex-combatants were carried out in order to develop informal networks.2

  1. “DDR-Rwanda, January-March 2008,” Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission, 4, accessed September 19, 2011, www.rdrc.org.rw.
  2. RDRC, 2001-2008, accessed September 19, 2011, http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/programas/desarme/mapa/rwanda09i.pdf.

Reintegration – 2002

According to several 2008 reports, around 43,669 ex-combatants received reintegration support in the second phase which spanned from 2002 to 2008.1

  1. “MDRP-Supported Activities in Rwanda,” Multi Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, accessed September 19, 2011, http://www.mdrp.org/PDFs/MDRP_RWA_FS_1108.pdf; A. Caramés, “Rwanda (RDRC, 2001-2008),” in Analysis of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) Programmes in the World during 2008, ed. A. Caramés and E. Sanz (Bellaterra: School for a Culture of Peace, 2009), 101-108.