Economic and Social Development: National Pact
Implementations
Economic and Social Development – 1992
The 1992 National pact called for increased autonomy and development assistance for the north. Though more information on the central government’s involvement in the socio-economic development is not available, the North of Mali was granted a special decentralization status in the country’s constitution. This could be considered an effort to further the development programs provided for in the peace agreement. However, the government was constrained due to the structural reform program.
Economic and Social Development – 1993
The decentralization mission was created in 1993. But the local elections were not held in that year. Nevertheless, the Election Commissioner for development, Manuel Marin, appealed to the government to carry out more development projects for the Tuareg populations of Northern Mali.1
Economic and Social Development – 1994
Information is not available on development programs. In 1994, an outbreak of violence in northern Mali might have affected development programs.
Economic and Social Development – 1995
In 1995, Mali championed the women’s literacy program. The program was funded by organizations such as UNESCO and the UN Development Program. The literacy program in the north faced greater challenges, but the UN Children’s Fund and other organizations had considerable success with women’s literacy programs.1 In July, local government authorities returned to northern Mali. As peace became more prevalent and the area more stable in 1995, development programs began to be implemented for the benefit of northern Mali.2 The promised $200 million donor support for the economic development program in northern Mali was not realized in 1995. Nevertheless, the Timbuktuans were restoring tourism infrastructure.3
- “Mali: championing women’s literacy programs,” African Farmer, May 1995.
- “MALI; Ceremony marks return of local government to northern districts,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, July 31, 1995.
- “Mali Tuareg War Ends As Foes Burn Weapons,” Africa News, April, 1996.
Economic and Social Development – 1996
Hundreds of reintegration programs designed to reintegrate ex-combatants were supported by the UNDP trust fund. At the same time, 27 different donor and development agencies were involved in different development programs worth more than $200 million.1 These donor agencies along with the government of Mali were involved in various development projects related to agriculture, livestock, water, energy, health, education, and infrastructure buildings (roads etc.).
- Robin-Edward Poulton and Ibrahim ag Youssouf, A Peace in Timbuktu: Democratic Governance, Development and African Peacemaking (United Nations Publication, 1998), 293-4.
Economic and Social Development – 1997
During this year donor agencies and the government of Mali provided support for the development programs in northern Mali. By 1996, most of the decentralization infrastructures were in place and the local government units had authority to collect taxes and make decisions on issues related to local development.
Economic and Social Development – 1998
Economic and social development related provisions were implemented.
Economic and Social Development – 1999
Economic and social development related provisions were implemented.
Economic and Social Development – 2000
Economic and social development related provisions were implemented.
Economic and Social Development – 2001
Economic and social development related provisions were implemented.