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Paramilitary Groups – 2003

In April 2003, an accord was signed in which a splinter ex-Ninja group and some 2,300 ex-Ninjas surrendered their arms.¹ Further information on militia groups was not available. Militia groups were banned and all militia groups, including splinter factions, were disarmed and demobilized between 1997 and 2003.

1. A. Caramés, “Congo (PNDDR, 2004-2008),” DDR 2009: Analysis of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) Programs in the World during 2008 (Bellaterra: School for a Culture of Peace, 2009), 59-64.