Sudan acquired major weapon systems as well as light weapons from various countries in 2006.¹

There was evidence of Sudan purchasing weapons from various mechanisms after the initiation of the peace process. It was documented that the Sudan acquired major weapon systems as well as light weapons from countries such as Russia, Belarus, China, Egypt, Iran and even from European Union Countries such as France, Italy and Germany between 2003 and 2008.[fn]Mike Lewis, “Skirting the Law: Sudan’s Post-CPA Arms Flows,” Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 18 (2009), accessed May 21, 2011, 23-25, http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/pdfs/HSBA-SWP-18-Sudan-Post-CPA-Arms… However, no complaint was lodged by the SPLM/A or the UNMIS on this issue. Chinese were exporting weapons and importing Sudanese oil.² Therefore, the armed embargo provision of the accord was never implemented.

The referendum for southern Sudan took place from 9 to 15 January 2011. The referendum was conducted in the Sudan and in eight out-of-country-voting (OCV) countries (with the exception of an OCV centre in Brisbane, where the polling continued until 18 January).³ On 7 February 2011, the Southern Sudan Referendum Commission announced the final results for the Referendum. 1.17% of valid votes were cast in favor of unity and 98.83% of valid votes were cast in favor of secession, with a 97.58% voter turnout (3,851,994 registered voters).⁴ This confirms the provision related to self-determination for southern Sudan was implemented. Nevertheless, the Abyei referendum did not take place as the north and south couldn’t agree on who was eligible to vote.⁵ Southern Sudan called for a referendum for Abyei and insisted that Abyei belonged to south Sudan.⁶

Southern Sudan became an independent state of South Sudan on 9 July 2011.

The members of the referendum commission were appointed in June 2010. The National Assembly approved the nominees appointed to serve on the Southern Sudan Referendum Commission submitted by the Presidency on 28 June 2010. The Government of Southern Sudan nominated members to serve in the Southern Sudan Referendum Bureau who were to be sworn in in July. In August, members of the ten Southern Sudan Referendum State High Committees were nominated and sworn in. On 2 September 2010, Mohamed Osman El-Negoumi was nominated as the Secretary General of the Southern Sudan Referendum Commission; and his nomination was ratified by the Presidency. Parties to the CPA also held a post-referendum negotiation exposure workshop in Juba on 20 July 2010 as part of their discussion on post-referendum issues.⁷

Once the institutional structures were in place, the referendum commission approved the voter registration training manual and training of the State Referendum High Committee state level trainers in South Sudan started and was completed on 28 October. A South Sudan political Parties Conference was also organized in Juba from 13-17 October which adopted a “Common Code of Conduct for the Referenda and Popular Consultations.”⁸ Voter registration took place on 15 November as scheduled by the referendum commission and was extended for 7 days until 8 December 2010.⁹

The National Assembly adopted the Abyei Referendum Bill 2009.¹⁰ There was no progress on setting up an institutional framework for the referendum.

With respect to holding a referendum in southern Sudan, some important achievements were made. As provided in 2005 CPA, the National Assembly adopted the Southern Sudan Referendum Bill in December 2009.¹

No developments observed this year.

No developments observed this year.

No developments observed this year.

The 2005 CPA provided that the people of South Sudan would have right to self-determination and, in this regard, people of south Sudan would have the option to confirm unity or to vote for secession. South Sudan’s right to self-determination was incorporated in the interim constitution (Article 219). As such, the people of south Sudan would exercise their self-determination in a referendum that was to be held by the end of six year interim period. Similarly, the CPA gave the residents of Abyei the opportunity to cast a separate ballot in order to make a choice between retaining its special administrative status in the north or being a part of South Sudan. This provision was also incorporated into the interim constitution (Article 183.3). The constitution came into effect on 9 July 2005.[fn]”The CPA Monitor-Monthly report on the Implementation of the CPA,” UNMIS, March 2006.[/efn_note]

Detailed information regarding oil revenue distribution between the north and the south is not available.

Although the National Legislature passed the National Land Commission Bill in 2009, members of the commission were not appointed in 2011. The South Sudan Land Commission, however, was quite effective. It worked on land draft policy and handed it over to the government of South Sudan in February 2011.¹⁰

Once southern Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011, provisions related to the natural resource management became obsolete.