The peace accord required that Indonesia take “constitutional steps” in order to restore East Timor to its status prior to 1976. In response to the 30 August 1999 independence vote, the Indonesian People’s Consultative Assembly formally recognized East Timor’s independence on 19 October 1999.

No developments observed this year.

No developments observed this year.

No major developments were reported. The UN completely withdrew its mission from El Salvador in 1996. The Office of the United Nations Verification completed its peace agreement verification in June 1998.

Two observers, one international and one local, worked through 30 June 1998, at which time the UN concluded its verification of the Peace Agreement.¹

ONUV was succeeded by an envoy of the Secretary-General with a small support unit to complete the verification and assessment of the peace process.² When the support unit began on 1 January 1997, it consisted of one police consultant, three international officials, and two local consultants. The Secretary-General supported terminating the support unit on 30 June 1997, and proposed leaving the task of final verification to a few persons serving with UNDP.³

As the end date for the MINUSAL mandate approached, the parties to the Peace Agreement requested that the UN keep a small group of observers to verify the implementation of the last components of their agreements.⁴ The Secretary-General agreed that a continued UN presence would be needed after MINUSAL to ensure the final implementation of all components of the Peace Agreements and subsequent binding recommendations. Just before its end, in April 1996, MINUSAL consisted of three police consultants and eight other professional staff members. The idea was to reduce the footprint further, and even move to an intermittent presence.⁵

On 10 May 1996, the UN General Assembly decided in Resolution 50/226 that MINUSAL would be succeeded by the United Nations Office of Verification (ONUV), consisting of a small team of investigators to verify the final implementation of the Peace Accords. At its outset, ONUV had three police consultants and six international officials.⁶ The ONUV mandate concluded on 31 December 1996.⁷

In conversations between ONUSAL, the Secretary-General and the Security Council, it was determined that ONUSAL should be formally dissolved on 30 April 1995, even though some aspects of the Peace Accords remained unfulfilled. ONUSAL recommended that a small team of observers remain after its mandate ended, and the Security Council supported the notion.⁸ The UN General Assembly provided the official initiative for the new “Mission of the United Nations in El Salvador” (MINUSAL) with Resolutions 49/137 (25 January 1995) and 50/7 (6 November 1995).

During the final period of its mandate, ONUSAL scaled back its presence significantly. In March 1995, it had only 3 military observers (from Brazil, Spain and Venezuela), and 32 police observers.⁹ During its first 6-month period, MINUSAL had as many as 11 international staff and 8 civilian police consultants.¹⁰

On 1 May 1994, the Military Division had 22 observers from Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ireland, Spain, Sweden and Venezuela and 7 medical officers Argentina and Spain. The Police Division had 268 observers from Austria, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Fracnce, Guyanna, Italy, Mexico, Spain and Sweden ⁹

On 26 May 1994, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of UNOSAL until 30 November 1994 with Resolution 920. Then on 23 November 1994, at the request of the parties to the agreement, the Security Council extended the mandate for the last time, to 30 April 1994 with Resolution 961.

As ONUSAL prepared for the conclusion of its mandate, it focused on building institutional capacity in El Salvador ¹¹

Prompted by concerns raised by the UN Security Council, the parties signed a joint declaration of commitment to fully implement the Chapultepec Agreement by 30 April 1995 at the latest. The declaration included a request to extend the ONUSAL mandate to the same date ¹²

As of 24 October 1994, ONUSAL’s revenue was over $23 million short of expenses, owing to unpaid financial commitments on part of backing states ¹³

In January 1993, the Government of El Salvador requested that the UN monitor the first general elections after the cessation of the armed conflict, set for March 1994.¹⁴ The mandate of ONUSAL was then expanded to include an Electoral Division by Security Council Resolution 832 on 27 May 1993.

The Government also requested that the ONUSAL Police Division provide professional assistance to the National Civil Police.¹⁵ It performed an evaluation of the police in the field and provided advice and support. The Police Division also continued to supervise and support the Auxiliary Transitory Police. The Division had 277 observers, of which 19 were assigned to the Human Rights and Electoral Divisions, in November 1993.¹⁶

In May 1993, the Military Division had 74 military observers from Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Ireland, Spain, Sweden and Venezuela and 7 medical officers from Argentina.¹⁷

The Military Division coordinated the destruction of landmines, clearing 425 minefields. As of 1 November 1993, the Military Division had 31 observers and 7 medical officers.¹⁸

The ONUSAL mandate was extended another six months on 30 November 1993 by UN Security Council Resolution 888.