Refugees: National Pact

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Refugees: National Pact

Implementations

Refugees – 1992

In the agreement, “displaced” refers to Tuaregs who were displaced in the African region or who were refugees in neighboring states.

Though the National Pact was signed but many remained doubtful of its ability to secure lasting peace, peace persisted among Tuareg rebels. Even after the signing of the accord, troops continued their attacks on civilians.1 Yet the repartitions also started and refugees from Algeria and Mauritania started to return to Mali.

  1. “MALI NOMADS FLEE ACROSS BORDER; Jacky Rowland in Bassikounou on the refugees who face a bleak future in the camps of Mauritania,” The Guardian (London), April 14, 1992.

Refugees – 1993

The repartition of refugees did not occur in 1993.

Refugees – 1994

The repartition of refugees did not occur in 1994 due to an outbreak of violence, which created 160,000 new refugees in 1994. 1

  1. Susanna Wing, Constructing Democracy in Africa: Mali in Transition (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 161.

Refugees – 1995

According to the UNHCR Report, some 39,022 refugees returned to Mali in 1995.1 In the meantime, government launched a reconciliation program in northern Mali.

  1. “2002 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook,” UNHCR, 2004, accessed April 20, 2011, http://www.unhcr.org/414ad5970.html.

Refugees – 1996

According to the UNHCR Report, some 22,000 refugees returned in 1996. 1 Situation in Mali significantly improved with the decentralization process going on and the demobilization, disarmament and integration and reintegration of ex-combatants.

  1. Ibid.

Refugees – 1997

According to the UNHCR Report, some 34,496 refugees returned to Mali in 1997.1

  1. Ibid.

Refugees – 1998

According to the UNHCR Report, some 26,889 refugees returned to northern Mali in 1998.1 By 1998, 131,780 refugees returned from Burkina Faso, Algeria, Niger, Senegal and Mauritania. The UNHCR funded the returnees with an assistance program. The program was implemented with help from the WFP and eleven other NGO partners.2

  1. Ibid.
  2. Stefan Sperl, “International refugee aid and social change in northern Mali,” (Working Paper No. 22), 2000, http://www.unhcr.org/3ae6a0c68.html.

Refugees – 1999

According to the UNHCR Report, some 5,045 refugees returned to northern Mali between 1999 and 2002.1 The devolution of power to the collectivities also helped to create a friendlier environment for the reintegration of refugees back to the society. However, except for the UNHCR funding, the future of further funding for the reintegration — especially on the governmental level — was unclear.

  1. “2002 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook.”

Refugees – 2000

Refugees returned to northern Mali continued in 2000.1

  1. Ibid.

Refugees – 2001

Refugees returned to northern Mali continued in 2001.1

  1. Ibid.