Executive Branch Reform: Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Implementations
Executive Branch Reform – 2005
According to the CPA provision to reform the executive branch of the government, the institution of the presidency should be established with one president and two vice presidents. The CPA prescribed that the office of the Vice president, prior to the election, be filled within two weeks of the signing of the CPA. This did not occur. Nevertheless, the three member presidency was inaugurated on 9 July 2005. Omer Hassan Ahmed Al-Bashir was sworn in as President, John Garang de Maribor as First Vice President and Ali Osman Mohamed Taha as Vice President. The First Vice President Dr. Garang was killed in a helicopter crash on 30 July 2005. The vacant position was filled by SPLM leader Lt. General Salva Kiir Mayardiit.1 The CPA also required that the Institution of Presidency adopt a collegial decision-making process and consult with the vice presidents. This satisfies the executive branch reform as the CPA provides.
Immediately after establishing the Government of National Unity (GoNU) on 20 September 2005, the presidency started to develop the formation and staffing of many commissions and Committees as specified by the CPA. By the end of October and November 2005, the presidency issued decrees to establish the Assessment and Evaluation Commission, the National Petroleum Commission, the Fiscal and Financial Allocation and Monitoring Commission and the Technical Ad Hoc Border Committee, the Cease-fire Political Commission, and National Judicial Service Commission.2 The Secretary General’s report also suggests that the presidency received the report defining the borders of the Abyei area from the Abyei Boundary Commission in July 2005, but had yet to implement the decision.
The executive branch of the government was reformed in 2005 by establishing a three member presidency and adopting a collegial decision making process.
- “The CPA Monitor-Monthly Report on the Implementation of the CPA,” UNMIS, March 2006.
- “Report of the Secretary General on the Sudan,” United Nations (S/2005/821), December 21, 2005.
Executive Branch Reform – 2006
Executive branch reform took place with the establishment of the presidency in 2005.
In 2006, the presidency issued a decree declaring the Boundaries of Southern Kordofan State as the previous boundaries of Southern Kordofan Province as defined in the 1974 Act of the Division of Provinces. Western Kordofan and Southern Kordofan merged in accordance with the decree. Similarly, the Presidency decided on 3 January 2006 that the Cabinet for the administration of the National Capital would include eight ministers: four from the NCP, two from the SPLM (one of them Deputy Governor), and two from Northern political forces (one of them Deputy Governor). By a decree issued in August 2006, the presidency established the Commission on the Protection of the Rights of Non-Muslims in the National Capital. On 18 February 2006, President Al-Bashir issued a presidential decree to form the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC). The presidency failed to agree on the adoption of the Abyei Boundaries Commission submitted to the presidency on 14 July 2005.1 The presidency, however, resolved a deadlock over the draft constitution, which was signed into law in December.2
- “The CPA Monitor-Monthly Report on the Implementation of the CPA,” UNMIS, February 2009.
- “Report of Secretary General on the Sudan,” United Nations (S/2007/42), 25 January 2007.
Executive Branch Reform – 2007
Executive branch reform took place with the establishment of the presidency in 2005.
On 26 July 2007, the President issued a decree establishing the National Civil Service Commission. The presidency issued a decree replacing Fiscal and Financial Allocation and Monitoring Commission (FFAMC) Chair, Ibrahim Monim Mansour, with Homahed Osaman Ibrahim. Nevertheless, the presidency failed to agree on the adoption of the Abyei Boundaries Commissions.1
Executive Branch Reform – 2008
Executive branch reform took place with the establishment of the presidency in 2005. No further developments reported.
Executive Branch Reform – 2009
No further developments observed.
Executive Branch Reform – 2010
No further developments observed.
Executive Branch Reform – 2011
No further developments observed.